Class 2 Exam Prep

Question 1

Neural sensory information coming into the CNS or one of its parts (incoming information

Answer 1

afferent

Question 2

Neural information leaving the CNS or one of its parts (outgoing information)

Answer 2

Efferent

Question 3

Anatomical orientation nomenclature

Answer 3

illustrates the direction of a cut, or section, through the
brain (part A) from the perspective of a
viewer (part B).

Question 4

arachnoid membrane

Answer 4

a very thin sheet of delicate connective tissue that follows the brain’s contours

Question 5

autonomic nervous system (ANS)

Answer 5

Part of the PNS that regulates the functioning of
internal organs and glands.

Question 6

basal ganglia

Answer 6

collection of nuclei that lie within the forebrain just below the white matter of the cortex, this____________consist of three principal structures: the caudate nucleus, the putamen, and the globus pallidus, all shown in Figure 2-24. Together with the thalamus and two closely associated structures, the substantia nigra and subthalamic nucleus, this____________ form a system that functions primarily to control certain aspects of voluntary movement

Question 7

brainstem

Answer 7

Central structures of the brain,
including the hindbrain, midbrain, thalamus,
and hypothalamus, that are responsible for
most unconscious behavior

Question 8

cerebral cortex

Answer 8

Newest, outer layer (“new bark”) of the forebrain, composed
of about six layers of gray matter; creates our reality.

Thin, heavily folded film
of nerve tissue composed of neurons that is
the outer layer of the forebrain. Also called
neocortex.

Question 9

cerebrospinal fluid (CSF)

Answer 9

Clear solution of sodium chloride and other salts that fills
the ventricles inside the brain and circulates
around the brain and spinal cord beneath the
arachnoid layer in the subarachnoid space

Question 10

corpus callosum

Answer 10

Band of white matter containing about 200 million nerve fibers
that connects the two cerebral hemispheres to provide a route for direct communication between them.

Question 11

cranial nerves

Answer 11

One of a set of 12 nerve pairs
that control sensory and motor functions of
the head, neck, and internal organs

Question 12

cytoarchitectonic map

Answer 12

Map of the neocortex based on the organization, structure, and
distribution of the cells.

Question 13

dura

Answer 13

hard mother”) is a tough double layer
of fibrous tissue that encloses the brain and spinal cord in a kind of loose sack

Question 14

frontal lobe

Answer 14

Part of the cerebral cortex often
generally characterized as performing the
brain’s “executive” functions, such as decision
making; lies anterior to the central sulcus and
beneath the frontal bone of the skull

Question 15

glial cell

Answer 15

glial cells aid and modulate the neurons’ activities—for example,
by insulating neurons.

Question 16

gray matter

Answer 16

Areas of the nervous system
composed predominantly of cell bodies and
capillary blood vessels that function either to
collect and modify information or to support
this activity

Question 17

gyrus

Answer 17

Bumps on the cerebral cortex

Question 18

hypothalamus

Answer 18

Diencephalon structure
that contains many nuclei associated with
temperature regulation, eating, drinking, and
sexual behavior.

Question 19

law of Bell and Magendie

Answer 19

The general
principle that sensory fibers are located
dorsally and motor fibers are located ventrally

Question 20

limbic system

Answer 20

Disparate forebrain structures
lying between the neocortex and the
brainstem that form a functional system
controlling affective and motivated behaviors
and certain forms of memory; includes
cingulate cortex, amygdala, and hippocampus,
among other structures.

Question 21

lobes

Answer 21

arbitrarily defined regions that include many different functional zones, frontal,parietal, temporal and occipital

Question 22

Three layers of protective tissue—
dura mater, arachnoid, and pia mater—that
encase the brain and spinal cord

Answer 22

Meninges

Question 23

Central part of the brain that
contains neural circuits for hearing and seeing
as well as orienting movements

Answer 23

midbrain

Question 24

new bark is the tissue that is visible when we view the brain from the outside,

Answer 24

neocortex

Question 25

bundles of fibers located outside these CNS structures are typically referred to simply as

Answer 25

nerve

Question 26

The nervous system’s
potential for physical or chemical change that
enhances its adaptability to environmental
change and its ability to compensate for
injury.

Answer 26

neuroplasticity

Question 27

Structure containing
the chromosomes and genes

Answer 27

Necleus