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Intermediate Wine > Class 2 - Bordeaux & Champagne > Flashcards

Class 2 - Bordeaux & Champagne Flashcards

1
Q

What is the world’s largest wine producer?

A

Italy - but this can change year to year (usually between france and italy!)

France is the second largest wine producer.

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2
Q

What are the two concepts central to higher-end French wines?

A
  • Terroir
  • Appellation d’Origine Contrôlée (AOC)
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3
Q

What does the term ‘terroir’ refer to?

A

The specific locations where the grapes are grown and the wine is made

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4
Q

What year was the AOC system established?

A

1935

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5
Q

What does AOC stand for?

A

Appellation d’Origine Contrôlée

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6
Q

What organization governs the AOC system?

A

Institut National des Appellations d’Origine (INAO)

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7
Q

Name the four main wine categories in France that it used to have before 2012.

A
  • Vin de Table
  • Vin de Pays
  • Vin Délimité de Qualité Supérieure
  • Appellation d’Origine Contrôlée
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8
Q

What is the highest designation of wine in France?

A

Appellation d’Origine Contrôlée (AOC)

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9
Q

What percentage of French wine falls under the AOC category?

A

53.4%

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10
Q

What is the purpose of the AOC system?

A

To guarantee quality and consistency in wine production

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11
Q

What is the new classification system for French wines created in 2012?

A
  • Vin de France (replaces Vin de Table)
  • Indication Geographique Protegee (replaces Vin de Pays)
  • Appellation d’Origine Protegee (replaces AOC)
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12
Q

What is the classification for the top tier vineyards in Burgundy?

A

Grand Cru

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13
Q

What is the primary grape variety used in Bordeaux wine?

A

Merlot

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14
Q

True or False: The AOC system allows for creativity in winemaking.

A

False

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15
Q

What are the six red grape varieties allowed in Bordeaux?

A
  • Cabernet Sauvignon
  • Merlot
  • Cabernet Franc
  • Carmenere
  • Petite Verdot
  • Malbec
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16
Q

What is the famous sweet wine from Bordeaux known for its high sugar levels?

A

Sauternes

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17
Q

What are the primary grapes used in Sauternes?

A
  • Semillon (80%)
  • Sauvignon Blanc (20%)
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18
Q

What is the role of a ‘Coutier’ in Bordeaux wine production?

A

Middleman between the chateaux and the merchants

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19
Q

Fill in the blank: The AOC concept is based on the concept of _______.

A

[terroir]

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20
Q

What are the two levels of classification in Alsace?

A
  • Grand Cru
  • Alsace AOC/AOP
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21
Q

What is the approximate area of Bordeaux vineyards?

A

300,000 acres

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22
Q

What is the main wine fair held in Bordeaux?

A

Vinexpo

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23
Q

What is the smallest commune in Haut-Médoc known for its wines?

A

Saint-Julien AOC

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24
Q

What is the main grape variety used in Alsace wines that faces classification issues?

A

Chardonnay

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25
Q

What is the appellation for red and dry white wines in the Graves region?

A

Graves & Pessac-Léognan

Pessac-Léognan AOC was created in 1987 in the northern Graves.

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26
Q

When was the Graves Classification AOC established?

A

1953 (revised in 1959)

It includes 15 châteaux and all wines are designated as Cru Classé.

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27
Q

Which château is included in the Graves classification for its red wines while retaining its 1855 classification?

A

Château Haut-Brion

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28
Q

What are the main grape varieties used in Sauternes dessert wines?

A
  • Sémillon
  • Sauvignon Blanc
  • Muscadelle
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29
Q

What is Botrytis Cinerea commonly known as?

A

Pourriture Noble (Noble Rot). Botrytis cinerea wine - also known as “noble rot” wine, is a rare, sweet dessert wine made from grapes infected by the Botrytis cinerea fungus.

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30
Q

What is the effect of Botrytis Cinerea on grapes?

A
  • Dehydrates the grapes
  • Concentrates sugars
  • Changes flavor profile to honey and mushroom
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31
Q

How many properties were ranked in the Medoc Classification of 1855?

A

61 properties

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32
Q

How many first growths (1er Crus) are there in the Medoc Classification?

A

5

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33
Q

What significant change occurred in the Medoc Classification in 1973?

A

Mouton-Rothschild was moved from a second to a first growth.

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34
Q

What are the permitted grape varieties for red Bordeaux?

A
  • Cabernet Sauvignon
  • Cabernet Franc
  • Merlot
  • Petit Verdot
  • Malbec
  • Carménère
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35
Q

Which grape variety dominates the red wine blends from the left bank?

A

Cabernet Sauvignon

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36
Q

What is the typical blend composition for top-quality left bank Château wines?

A
  • 70% Cabernet Sauvignon
  • 15% Cabernet Franc
  • 15% Merlot
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37
Q

What is the typical blend composition for top-quality right bank Château wines?

A
  • 70% Merlot
  • 15% Cabernet Franc
  • 15% Cabernet Sauvignon
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38
Q

Name the five premier cru (first growth) red wines established by the Bordeaux Wine Official Classification of 1855.

A
  • Château Lafite-Rothschild
  • Château Margaux
  • Château Latour
  • Château Haut-Brion
  • Château Mouton-Rothschild
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39
Q

What does ‘Entre-deux-mers’ mean?

A

Between two waters

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40
Q

What type of wines dominate the Saint-Émilion AOC?

A

Merlot and Cabernet Franc dominated wines

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41
Q

How often is the Saint-Émilion classification updated?

A

Approximately once a decade

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42
Q

What are the tiers in the Saint-Émilion classification?

A
  • Premier Grand Cru Classé A
  • Premier Grand Cru Classé B
  • Grand Cru Classé
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43
Q

What is the principal AOC for red wines in Pomerol?

A

Pomerol AOC

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44
Q

What is the typical blend composition for red wines in Pomerol?

A
  • 75% Merlot
  • 25% Cabernet Franc
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45
Q

What is unique about the vineyards in Bourg & Blaye?

A

They are the oldest vineyards in Bordeaux.

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46
Q

What new appellation was established in 2008 in the Bourg & Blaye region?

A

Côtes de Bordeaux

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47
Q

What are the sub-zones included in the Côtes de Bordeaux appellation?

A
  • Blaye
  • Cadillac
  • Castillon
  • Francs
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48
Q

What is Saint-Emilion recognized as by UNESCO?

A

A UNESCO World Heritage Site

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49
Q

Who is Saint-Emilion named after?

A

An 8th century monk named Emilion

50
Q

What type of streets characterize the village of Saint-Emilion?

A

Tiny cobblestone streets

51
Q

What is the primary grape variety used in Saint-Emilion wine?

A

80% Merlot grapes

52
Q

What are the other grape varieties that can make up the remaining 20% in Saint-Emilion?

A

Cabernet Franc or Cabernet Sauvignon

53
Q

What is the soil composition in Saint-Emilion?

A

A combination of limestone, clay, and sand

54
Q

How are grapevines pruned in Saint-Emilion?

A

To have just two bunches of grapes per branch

55
Q

Where do the grapes hang on the vine in Saint-Emilion?

A

Low on the vine

56
Q

What is the purpose of hanging grapes low on the vine?

A

To get more sun and warmth from the soil

57
Q

What is the brix level of the grapes tasted in Saint-Emilion compared to those in the Rhone Valley?

A

20 brix in Saint-Emilion and 25 brix in the Rhone Valley

58
Q

What is the cost of a new wine barrel in Euros?

A

600-900 Euros/barrel

59
Q

How long are barrels used before they are sold on the secondary market?

60
Q

What percentage of wine is absorbed into the wood of the barrel?

61
Q

What is the role of the Master of the Cellar?

A

In charge of turning the barrels and checking if they need to be topped off

62
Q

True or False: All grapes in Saint-Emilion are suitable for making wine.

63
Q

Fill in the blank: The hammer is used to put the ______ back in the barrel.

64
Q

What weather conditions in July and August affected the grapes before harvesting?

A

Cold and rainy

65
Q

What is the benefit of the warm Indian Summer weather in September for the grapes?

A

It helps bring the grapes up to par

66
Q

What is the geographical significance of Saint-Emilion?

A

The vineyards start literally across the street from the village.

67
Q

What is the classification hierarchy of Saint-Emilion wines according to the 2012 reclassification?

A
  1. Grand Cru Classé Premier A (4 chateaus)
  2. Grand Cru Classé Premier B (14 chateaus)
  3. Grand Cru Classé (64 chateaus)
  4. Grand Cru
68
Q

What historical structure is located in Saint-Emilion?

A

The Cordeliers Cloister, established by Franciscan monks in the 14th century.

69
Q

Which Chateau is the first on the edge of the village of Saint-Emilion?

A

Clos Fourtet, a Premiere Grand Cru Classé (B).

REminder:
1. Grand Cru Classé Premier A (4 chateaus)
2. Grand Cru Classé Premier B (14 chateaus)
3. Grand Cru Classé (64 chateaus)
4. Grand Cru

70
Q

What was the outcome of the 2012 reclassification of Saint-Emilion wines?

A

Litigation resulted due to winemakers seeking judicial remedies for demotions or dissatisfaction with their classification.

71
Q

Name the four top class wines in Saint-Emilion.

A
  • Chateau Angelus
  • Chateau Ausone
  • Chateau Cheval Blanc
  • Chateau Pavie
72
Q

What percentage of the basis for a better ranking in Saint-Emilion is attributed to wine quality?

A

30% is wine quality and 70% is marketing.

73
Q

What was discovered by the family at Chateau Chatelet in the 1950s?

A

A 200 year-old relic, a carving of Saint Valéry, the patron saint of winemakers.

74
Q

What is the significance of Chateau Pavie in the context of Saint-Emilion?

A

It is a Premier Grand Cru Classé A, recently promoted to this highest level in 2012.

75
Q

What is unique about Chateau Cheval Blanc?

A

It is a Premier Grand Cru Classé A and perhaps the most famous and expensive wine in Saint-Emilion.

76
Q

What is the main grape variety in Pomerol?

77
Q

What is the classification system in Pomerol?

A

There is no classification system in Pomerol.

78
Q

What type of soil is found at Chateau L’Evangile in Pomerol?

A

Soil composed of sand, clay, gravel, stones, and iron oxide.

79
Q

Fill in the blank: The main red grapes in Bordeaux are Merlot 65%, Cabernet Sauvignon 23%, Cabernet Franc 10%, Petit Verdot 2%, Malbec 2%, and _______.

A

Carmenere 2%

80
Q

What are the main white grapes used in Bordeaux?

A
  • Semillon 49%
  • Sauvignon Blanc 43%
  • Muscadelle 6%
  • Sauvignon Gris 2%
81
Q

What does the term ‘bank’ refer to in conversations about Bordeaux?

A

The banks of the rivers that run through the region: Dordogne, Garonne, and Gironde.

82
Q

True or False: The Bordeaux classification system is over 150 years old.

83
Q

What are the four biggest Cognac brands?

A
  • Hennessy
  • Martell
  • Rémy Martin
  • Courvoisier
84
Q

What are the classic grape varieties used in Champagne production?

A
  • Chardonnay
  • Pinot Noir
  • Pinot Meunier
85
Q

What is the sweetness level of Brut Zero Champagne?

86
Q

What is the process of removing yeast from the bottle called?

A

Disgorging or Dégorgement.

87
Q

What is the aging requirement for Non-Vintage Champagne on the lees?

A

A minimum of 18 months.

88
Q

What does sur-lie aging refer to?

A

Aging or resting on the spent yeast cells (lees).

89
Q

What is the term for the gradual movement of expired yeast cells to the neck of the bottle?

A

Riddling or Remuage.

90
Q

What is added to Champagne after disgorgement to balance acidity?

A

Dosage, a solution of sugar and wine.

91
Q

What is the maximum amount of juice that can be pressed from 4000 kg of fruit for Champagne production?

A

25.5 hectoliters.

92
Q

What is the first press of grapes called in Champagne production?

93
Q

What are the two main methods of sparkling wine production?

A
  • Classic Method
  • Charmat Method
94
Q

Fill in the blank: All Champagne is sparkling wine, but not all _______ is Champagne.

A

sparkling wine

95
Q

What is the minimum storage duration for bottles of champagne in underground caves?

96
Q

What is the optimal storage duration for the best champagne in underground caves?

A

6-10 years

97
Q

What is added during the secondary fermentation to balance out the sourness?

A

Sugar (4 grams essential)

98
Q

What type of champagne is made from a blend of different years?

A

Non-vintage champagne

99
Q

What grape varieties are typically used in Extra Brut Vintage 2005 Blanc et Noir?

A
  • Chardonnay
  • Pinot Noir
100
Q

What is the primary reason for the white color of champagne made from Pinot grapes?

A

The juice from a Pinot grape is still white if the grapes are gently pressed

101
Q

What is the significance of lees aging in champagne production?

A

Autolysis is critical to great flavor; cannot fake 10 years on the lees

102
Q

What happens to the wine after the grapes are pressed?

A

Stored in stainless steel vats for several months

103
Q

What factor influences the price and desirability of the Ace of Spades champagne?

A

Promotion by JZ and its luxurious packaging

104
Q

Where is Veuve Clicquot located?

A

Downtown Reims

105
Q

True or False: Veuve Clicquot’s caves were used as shelters during World War I.

106
Q

What are the two types of caves in Veuve Clicquot?

A
  • Hand-carved crayeres
  • Modern machine-carved rectangular caves
107
Q

What grape varieties can be grown next to each other in the Champagne region?

A
  • Chardonnay
  • Pinot Noir
108
Q

What is the other grape allowed in Champagne that grows mainly in the east and northeast of Reims?

A

Meunier grape

109
Q

Fill in the blank: All grapes in the Champagne region must be _______.

A

hand-picked

110
Q

What is the soil type that is beneficial for grapevines in the Champagne region?

A

Chalky soil

111
Q

What designation does the village of Épernay hold?

A

World UNESCO site

112
Q

Which two hillsides are known for producing predominantly Chardonnay grapes?

A
  • Cote de Blanc
  • Le Mesnil-sur-Oger
113
Q

What are the prominent producers in the Cote de Blanc region?

A
  • Agrapart
  • Franck Bonville
  • De Sousa
  • Jacques Selosse
  • Varnier-Fanniere
114
Q

What are the good and bad vintage years for champagne?

A

Good: 1995, 1998, 1999, 2000, 2002, 2004, 2008
Bad: 2001

115
Q

What is the primary grape variety in the Montagne de Reims region?

A

Pinot Noir

116
Q

Name one famous champagne house located in Reims.

A
  • Krug
  • Charles Heidsieck
  • Henriot
  • Louis Roederer
117
Q

What are some alternatives to Champagne that focus on exceptional sparkling wines?

A
  • Cava from Spain
  • Prosecco from Valdobiaddene, Italy
  • Crémant from France
  • Metodo Classico from Italy
  • American Sparkling Wines
118
Q

What is a notable feature of Prestige Cuvees?

A

They use the best grapes and processes for high-quality blends

119
Q

Which type of food pairs well with Extra Brut champagne?

A

Oysters, ceviche, canapes

120
Q

What type of champagne is recommended for pairing with duck or game?

A

Blanc de Noirs

121
Q

What is the unique aspect of the La Grande Dame champagne by Veuve Clicquot?

A

It is a Prestige Cuvee

122
Q

Fill in the blank: Aged champagne pairs well with _______.

A

cream sauces, cheeses, mushrooms

Intermediate Wine (6 decks)

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