Class 2 Flashcards
Bio causes of depression
Genetic, deficit in Ne & sero, (and GABA and DA). HPA axis: hypersecretion of cortisol and decrease feedback inhibition from hippocampus. Glutamate and Ach may also me implicated.
causes of depression Psychoanalytic
loss of a loved object, rage is internally directed. Disturbance in mother-bb relationship during oral phase.
causes of depression Learning theory
learned helplessness.
Object loss theory
being abandoned/ separated from a s/o during 1st 6 months of life = helplessness and despair that contribute to lifelong patterns of depression in response to loss.
causes of depression cog
cog distortions: neg expectations of the enviro, the self, the future.
Transactional model:
combination of all those factors: life events and environmental stress. Most significant: losing a parent before 11 years.
Perso most comorbid with depression
bdd, histrionic, ocd
Mean age of onset
40y
Causes postpartum depression
Hormonal changes (dramatic drop), tryptophan metabolism, alteration in membrane transport, psychosocial influences, dep/anx sx before pregnancy, drop in thyroid gland, sleep deprived, change in cortisol level, anxious to care about newborn, feel less attractive
Describe neurovegetative symptoms of depression
Decreased appetite, weight loss and insomnia
Non modifiable risk factors for suicide
Older men, Past suicide attempt, History of self harm behavior, Being a sexual minority, Family history of suicide, History of legal problems.
Modifiable risk factors for suicide
Active suicidal ideation, Hopelessness, Psychotic symptoms, Anxiety, Impulsivity, Stressful life events such as financial stress (e.g., bankruptcy) and victimization. Comorbid conditions: Substance use disorders
(especially alcohol use disorder), Posttraumatic stress disorder, Comorbid personality disorders (especially cluster B personality disorders), Chronic painful medical conditions
(e.g., migraine headaches, arthritis), Cancer.
Prevalence commit suicide MDD
10-15%
Prevalence suicide ideation MDD
2/3s
