Class 2 Flashcards
Tissues comprise individual cells “endowed with ____ and ______
autonomy and versatility
how are tissues diverse in design and function
- Every cell carries the complete genome
- Every cell therefore retains the ability to proliferate
- Important for maintaining adult tissues/organs (e.g. wound repair)
Maintenance of requires cells to be highly organized and tightly regulated
normal tissue homeostasis
what happens if normal tissue homeostasis goes wrong?
- Cells access inappropriate information from genomes
- damage to genome (mutation)
- novel/abnormal phenotype and loss of control
what do cancer cells do?
- alter cell growth program
- do not obey rules governing normal tissue
- make copies of themselves
True or false
Tumors are cells that have lost the ability to assemble and create tissues of normal form / function
True
Evidenced by histology
microscopic appearance of cells
variably shaped nuclei,
irreg shaped diving cells
loss of nomal specialized features
the site where cancer began
primary tumor
new settlements/colonies of tumor
Metastases
Adeno-
gland
chondro
cartilage
erythro
red blood cells
hemangio
blood vessels
hepato
liver
lipo
fat
lympho
lymphocyte
melano
pigment cell
Myelo
bone marrow
myo
muscle
osteo
bone
2 categories of tumors
- ) Benign
2. ) Malignant
-Grow locally, do not invade adjacent tissues
-most primary tumors in humans are benign, and harmless
-Can be harmful if:
large mass of tumor presses on vital organs/tissues
physiologic imbalance caused by release of high levels of homones (e.g. thyroid adenomas)
Benign Tumors
- invade nearby tissues and metastasize
- Responsible for 90% of deaths from cancer
Malignant Tumor
Epithelial cell-derived cancers
carcinoma
- connective tissue –
- hematopoietic tissue –
- nervous system –
sarcomas
leukemia & lymphoma
neuroectodermal tumors
Why are epithelial cells more prone to cancer
-similar structure in all tissue
1. epithelia
baement membrane
stroma
