Class 2 Flashcards

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1
Q

Tissues comprise individual cells “endowed with ____ and ______

A

autonomy and versatility

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2
Q

how are tissues diverse in design and function

A
  • Every cell carries the complete genome
  • Every cell therefore retains the ability to proliferate
  • Important for maintaining adult tissues/organs (e.g. wound repair)
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3
Q

Maintenance of requires cells to be highly organized and tightly regulated

A

normal tissue homeostasis

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4
Q

what happens if normal tissue homeostasis goes wrong?

A
  • Cells access inappropriate information from genomes
  • damage to genome (mutation)
  • novel/abnormal phenotype and loss of control
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5
Q

what do cancer cells do?

A
  • alter cell growth program
  • do not obey rules governing normal tissue
  • make copies of themselves
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6
Q

True or false

Tumors are cells that have lost the ability to assemble and create tissues of normal form / function

A

True

Evidenced by histology

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7
Q

microscopic appearance of cells

A

variably shaped nuclei,
irreg shaped diving cells
loss of nomal specialized features

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8
Q

the site where cancer began

A

primary tumor

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9
Q

new settlements/colonies of tumor

A

Metastases

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10
Q

Adeno-

A

gland

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11
Q

chondro

A

cartilage

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12
Q

erythro

A

red blood cells

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13
Q

hemangio

A

blood vessels

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14
Q

hepato

A

liver

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15
Q

lipo

A

fat

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16
Q

lympho

A

lymphocyte

17
Q

melano

A

pigment cell

18
Q

Myelo

A

bone marrow

19
Q

myo

A

muscle

20
Q

osteo

A

bone

21
Q

2 categories of tumors

A
  1. ) Benign

2. ) Malignant

22
Q

-Grow locally, do not invade adjacent tissues
-most primary tumors in humans are benign, and harmless
-Can be harmful if:
large mass of tumor presses on vital organs/tissues
physiologic imbalance caused by release of high levels of homones (e.g. thyroid adenomas)

A

Benign Tumors

23
Q
  • invade nearby tissues and metastasize

- Responsible for 90% of deaths from cancer

A

Malignant Tumor

24
Q

Epithelial cell-derived cancers

A

carcinoma

25
Q
  1. connective tissue –
  2. hematopoietic tissue –
  3. nervous system –
A

sarcomas
leukemia & lymphoma
neuroectodermal tumors

26
Q

Why are epithelial cells more prone to cancer

A

-similar structure in all tissue
1. epithelia
baement membrane
stroma