class Flashcards
hoe does labelling effect pupils?
teachers make conscious and unconscious judgements about pupils which could be positive such as talented and hardworking or negative such as lazy and troublemaker
labels can cause lack of motivation and self-esteem and therefore wc pupils don’t achieve
who is labelled negatively?
wc are usually seen negatively by teachers as they are furthest away from being the ideal pupil
Becker - study of labelling
conducted a study of 60 teachers in USA and found they had an image of an ideal pupil that resembled mc values and teachers made judgements upon appearance where wc pupils were furthest away from ideal pupil
Rist - study of labelling
studied a preschool in america and found teachers grouped pupils according to ability, labelling the good pupils ‘tigers’ who were usually mc and labelled wc as ‘clowns’
criticisms of labelling
not all pupils accept labels
gender and ethnic factors are also important to note
what does Keddie argue about setting and streaming?
students in lower sets were given less challenging work and lower tier exams which disadvantaged them whereas pupils in higher sets were given challenging work and encouraged to go to higher education
criticisms of setting and streaming
Ball argues the removal of this would lessen anti school subcultures
mixed ability groups perform better than setting
Bernstein - language
elaborated code is used by mc and teachers in schools which was formal and has wide vocabulary
restricted code is used by wc which was simple and informal
criticisms of Bernstein
sees wc language was inferior
pupils are able to learn elaborated code throughout schooling
what does Douglas argue about parental interest?
wc pupils underachieve due to lack of parental interest as mc parents are more likely to be interested in their child’s education
what does Feinstein argue about parental support?
mc parents are more likely to be more supportive of their child’s education and have high aspirations for them
why are mc parents more likely to be interested in their child’s education?
mc parents are more likely to have higher income and are therefore able to buy educational books and toys for their children and have more educational knowledge
criticisms of parental support
wc are not inadequate but provide a different way which puts them at a disadvantage due to mc habitus which is a problem created by educational system
wc parents still want their children to succeed in education but they have less opportunity to do so
what does Lacy argue about school subcultures?
pupils are marginalised in education due to setting and streaming as lower sets feel rejected and gain recognition from deviant behaviour
Willis - ‘lads’ study
study of 12 wc boys who rejected school and rebelled to gain recognition from peers
criticism of subcultures
other factors such as labelling also accounts to subcultures
anti school doesn’t always mean anti education
most pupils conform to shared norms and values
wha does Archer argue about class identity?
wc developed a ‘nike identity’ through wearing branded clothes to fit in and create status and schools reject this habitus as schools are based on ruling class habitus
wha does Reay argue about wc and university?
wc pupils see university as not for the likes of them due to their lower status
what do compensatory education programmes aim to do?
tackle the problem of cultural deprivation by providing extra resources for schools and communities in deprived areas
how is poverty linked to educational underachievement?
-money problems in the family are a significant factor in younger children’s attendance in school
-exclusion is more likely for children in poorer families
-nearly 90% of ‘failing’ schools are in deprived areas
how does poor housing effect children’s education?
overcrowding can make it harder to study and means less room for educational activities, nowhere to do homework and having sleep disturbed from sharing bedrooms
what does Howard note about diet and health effecting children’s education?
young people from poor homes have lower intake of energy and minerals, poor nutrition and weak immune systems meaning more absences from school
children from poor families are more likely to have behavioural problems with higher rates of anxiety and conduct disorders
what did Tanner find about financial effects in poorer families?
cost of transport, uniforms, books, computers, calculators, sports and art equipment may place heavy burden on poorer families, often having hands me downs or cheaper equipment which may result in bullying or isolation by peers as they don’t fit in
what does Bourdieu argue about ‘culture capital’?
this refers to knowledge, values, and abilities of middle class, seeing this as a type of capital gives an advantage to those who possess it, such as middle class which gives them advantages in school where these abilities are highly valued
