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PSYC2130: Personality > Class 11: Personality and Culture > Flashcards

Class 11: Personality and Culture Flashcards

1
Q

What is culture?

A

psychological aspects of groups (languages, modes of thinking, values, norms, ethnicity)

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2
Q

How do you get cultured?

A

enculturation and acculturation

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3
Q

What is enculturation?

A

born into a culture

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4
Q

What is acculturation?

A

move from one culture to anaother

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5
Q

Why should we study culture?

A
  • international understanding
  • external validity
  • understanding whole persons
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6
Q

Why is international understanding important?

A
  • forms
  • criminal
  • embarrassing
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7
Q

Why is external validity important?

A

80% of participants in research are WEIRD (Western, Educated, Industrialized, Rich, Democratic)

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8
Q

Why is understanding whole persons important?

A
  • experience of the world
  • cultural lens
  • interpreting behaviour
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9
Q

What is etics?

A

universal core or components of an idea

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10
Q

What is emics?

A

specific aspects or particulars of an idea

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11
Q

How do culture differ?

A
  • easy and tough
  • achievement and affiliation
  • tightness and looseness
  • head and heart
  • individualism and collectivism
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12
Q

What is easier cultures?

A

people can pursue many paths to success

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13
Q

What are harder cultures?

A

few paths to success

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14
Q

What is achievement?

A

emphasis on individuals to rise to success

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15
Q

What is affiliation?

A

emphasis on love, group harmony and bonding

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16
Q

How is power consumption related to achievement?

A

positively related because power being consumed in a culture oriented towards achievement

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17
Q

How are individuals motivation and migration related to achievement?

A

go to other places where they will have opportunity to achieve

18
Q

What is tightness?

A

it is not okay to deviate from norms

19
Q

What is looseness?

A

it is okay to deviate from norms

20
Q

What is an example of tightness and looseness?

A
  • priority seating
  • jaywalking
21
Q

Why would cultures vary in tightness and looseness?

A
  • population density (low = loose, high = stricter)
  • diversity (more = loose, less = tighter)
22
Q

What is head?

A

value artistic excellence, creativity, curiosity, learning

23
Q

What is heart?

A

fairness, mercy, gratitude, hope, love

24
Q

What happens to cities oriented towards the head?

A

high job growth and low unemployment

25
Q

Why do some people value head or value heart?

A
  • selective migration
  • social influence
  • geological factors
26
Q

What is individualism and collectivism?

A

how people related to society

27
Q

What is individualism?

A

the individual is more important and independence is an importance value

28
Q

What is collectivism?

A

needs of the many outweigh rights of individual

29
Q

What are the different comparisons of individualism and collectivism?

A
  • autobiographies
  • title
  • self-regard
  • behavioural consistency
  • mental health
  • social
  • arranged marriages
  • emotions
30
Q

Are the big five traits true in other countries?

A

they are mostly etics with some exceptions since facets and items are more emic

31
Q

What is multicultural?

A

a place or person with many cultures

32
Q

What is true about bilinguals?

A

biculturals can switch between cultural lenses so they may have two personalities

33
Q

What is frame switching?

A

depending on the language they are speaking an individual can switch cultural lens

34
Q

Why could frame switching be bad?

A

if the person does not have a cohesive sense of identity they may experience psychological distress

35
Q

What are challenges of culture?

A
  • ethnocentricism
  • exaggerated differences
36
Q

What is ehtnocentrism?

A

judging another culture from the POV of your own

37
Q

Why are there exaggerated differences?

A
  1. trying to find differences
  2. poor statistical validity
  3. outgroup homogeneity bias
38
Q

What is outgroup homogeneity bias?

A

people perceive individual differences within their own culture and everyone else looks the same

39
Q

What are the future directions of culture?

A
  • within culture changes
  • personality and culture causal flow
40
Q

What are within culture changes?

A
  • culture isn’t unchanged
  • increasing individualism
  • increasing extraversion
41
Q

What is personality and culture causal flow?

A
  • no research
  • personality impacts culture at a micro-level and a macro-level

PSYC2130: Personality (7 decks)

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