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Spinal Tx 600 > Class 1: Intro > Flashcards

Class 1: Intro Flashcards

1
Q

Why know spinal orthopaedics?

A
  1. to understand complaint
  2. to assess and treat appropriately
  3. to recommend appropriate rehabilitation and homecare
  4. to communicate with other health care professionals
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2
Q

HOPMNRS

A 
History
Observation
Palpation
Movement
Neurological
Special Tests (or Selective Tissue Tension Tests)
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3
Q

Axial skeleton

A

skull, vertebrae, ribs, sacrum

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4
Q

Appendicular skeleton

A

bones of upper and lower limbs, including clavicles, scapulae, and innominiates

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5
Q

Innominates

A

The three sub-bones that make up half of the pelvis: ilium, ischium and pubis. AKA the Coxa. Does not include sacrum

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6
Q

How many presacral vertebrae?

A

24: 7 cervical, 12 thoracic, 5 lumbar

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7
Q

How many spinal segments?

A

33: 24 presacral, 5 sacral, 4 coccygeal

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8
Q

Primary curves

A

= Kyphotic curves

Thoracic and sacral

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9
Q

Secondary curves

A

= lordotic curves

Cervical and lumbar

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10
Q

What causes lordotic curves?

A

Wedge shaped discs (especially cervical).

*Lower lumbar vertebral bodies are also wedge shaped

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11
Q

What causes kyphotic curves?

A

Wedge shaped vertebral bodies. (shorter on anterior side)

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12
Q

Normal spinal curves offer:

A

Flexibility
Shock absorption
Stiffness and stability

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13
Q

Level of sacral promontory

A

S1 (articulates with L5)

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14
Q

Level of iliac crest

A

L4

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15
Q

Level of PSIS

A

S2

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16
Q

Vertebrae have how many joints?

A

Three
2 x facet
1 x intervertebral

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17
Q

Position of superior articular facet?

A

C-spine: BUM (backwards, upwards, medial)
T-spine: BUL (backwards, upwards, lateral)
L-spine: BM (backwards, medial)

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18
Q

Inguinal ligament runs from

A

ASIS to pubic tubercle

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19
Q

Biomechanical functions of the spine

A
  1. housing and protection
  2. support
  3. mobility
  4. control
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20
Q

Basic functional unit of the spine

A

Spinal Motion Segment

21
Q

Spinal Motion Segment

A

Adjacent halves of two vertebrae, the IVD, facet joints, and supporting structures.

Basic functional unit of the spine

22
Q

The pelvis is made up of:

A

Three bony bits (two iliac bones and sacrum)

Three joints: (two SI joints and pubic symphysis)

23
Q

Sacroiliac Joint

A

Small amplitude movement; rarely fused.

Shock absorbers

24
Q

Iliac articular surface of the SI joint is covered in:

A

fibrocartilage

25
Q

Sacral articular surface of the SI joint is covered in:

A

hyaline cartilage

26
Q

Fryette’s First Law

A

When the spine is neutral, lateral flexion is accompanied by rotation to the opposite side

27
Q

Fryette’s Second Law

A

When the spine is flexed or extended, lateral flexion is accompanied by rotation to the same side

28
Q

Nutation

A

Sacral flexion

Sacral promontory moves anteriorly and inferiorly
Apex of sacrum moves posteriorly

Iliac bones move apart
Ischial tuberosities approximate

29
Q

Counternutation

A

Sacral extension

Sacral promontory moves posteriorly and superiorly
Sacral apex moves anteriorly

Iliac bones approximate
Ischial tuberosities move further apart

30
Q

Position of sacrum is determined by

A

Forces from on high

31
Q

Position of ilium is controlled by

A

Movement of femur

32
Q

Disc-vertebrae height ratio determines

A

Degree of movement at spinal segments

33
Q

Orientation of articular facets determines

A

The types of movement available at a spinal segment

34
Q

Loose pack

A

Resting position. Minimal congruence between articular surfaces

35
Q

CLose Pack

A

Maximum congruence (and hence tension) between articular surfaces.

36
Q

Tonic Muscles

A

Janda
Postural muscles
Tend to become tight/hypertonic, develop contractures
Calves, hip flexors, QL, hammies, pec maj, upper traps

37
Q

Phasic Muscles

A

Janda
Non-postural muscles
Tend to become weak and inhibited
Lower traps, v lat and VMO, rhomboids, tib ant

38
Q

Lumbosacral Angle

A

Sacrum to middle L5 body

140º

39
Q

Lumbar Lordotic Curve

A

Top L1-Base L3

50º

40
Q

Sacral Angle

A

Top of sacral base with horizon

30º

41
Q

Pelvic Angle

A

S2 to top of pubic symphysis, with the horizon

30º

42
Q

Spondylosis

A

Degeneration of IVD

43
Q

Spondylolysis

A

Defect in the Pars articularis of vertebral arch

44
Q

Spondylolisthesis

A

Forward displacement of one vertebrae

45
Q

Lumbarization

A

Mobile (unfused) S1

46
Q

Sacralization

A

Fused L5

47
Q

Greatest movement of L-spine

A

L5/S1

48
Q

Normal pelvic tilt

A

7-15º. ish

Spinal Tx 600 (9 decks)

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