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Spinal Tx 600 > Class 1: Intro > Flashcards

Class 1: Intro Flashcards

1
Q

Why know spinal orthopaedics?

A
  1. to understand complaint
  2. to assess and treat appropriately
  3. to recommend appropriate rehabilitation and homecare
  4. to communicate with other health care professionals
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2
Q

HOPMNRS

A 
History
Observation
Palpation
Movement
Neurological
Special Tests (or Selective Tissue Tension Tests)
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3
Q

Axial skeleton

A

skull, vertebrae, ribs, sacrum

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4
Q

Appendicular skeleton

A

bones of upper and lower limbs, including clavicles, scapulae, and innominiates

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5
Q

Innominates

A

The three sub-bones that make up half of the pelvis: ilium, ischium and pubis. AKA the Coxa. Does not include sacrum

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6
Q

How many presacral vertebrae?

A

24: 7 cervical, 12 thoracic, 5 lumbar

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7
Q

How many spinal segments?

A

33: 24 presacral, 5 sacral, 4 coccygeal

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8
Q

Primary curves

A

= Kyphotic curves

Thoracic and sacral

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9
Q

Secondary curves

A

= lordotic curves

Cervical and lumbar

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10
Q

What causes lordotic curves?

A

Wedge shaped discs (especially cervical).

*Lower lumbar vertebral bodies are also wedge shaped

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11
Q

What causes kyphotic curves?

A

Wedge shaped vertebral bodies. (shorter on anterior side)

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12
Q

Normal spinal curves offer:

A

Flexibility
Shock absorption
Stiffness and stability

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13
Q

Level of sacral promontory

A

S1 (articulates with L5)

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14
Q

Level of iliac crest

A

L4

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15
Q

Level of PSIS

A

S2

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16
Q

Vertebrae have how many joints?

A

Three
2 x facet
1 x intervertebral

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17
Q

Position of superior articular facet?

A

C-spine: BUM (backwards, upwards, medial)
T-spine: BUL (backwards, upwards, lateral)
L-spine: BM (backwards, medial)

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18
Q

Inguinal ligament runs from

A

ASIS to pubic tubercle

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19
Q

Biomechanical functions of the spine

A
  1. housing and protection
  2. support
  3. mobility
  4. control
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20
Q

Basic functional unit of the spine

A

Spinal Motion Segment

21
Q

Spinal Motion Segment

A

Adjacent halves of two vertebrae, the IVD, facet joints, and supporting structures.

Basic functional unit of the spine

22
Q

The pelvis is made up of:

A

Three bony bits (two iliac bones and sacrum)

Three joints: (two SI joints and pubic symphysis)

23
Q

Sacroiliac Joint

A

Small amplitude movement; rarely fused.

Shock absorbers

24
Q

Iliac articular surface of the SI joint is covered in:

A

fibrocartilage

25
Sacral articular surface of the SI joint is covered in:
hyaline cartilage
26
Fryette's First Law
When the spine is neutral, lateral flexion is accompanied by rotation to the opposite side
27
Fryette's Second Law
When the spine is flexed or extended, lateral flexion is accompanied by rotation to the same side
28
Nutation
Sacral flexion Sacral promontory moves anteriorly and inferiorly Apex of sacrum moves posteriorly Iliac bones move apart Ischial tuberosities approximate
29
Counternutation
Sacral extension Sacral promontory moves posteriorly and superiorly Sacral apex moves anteriorly Iliac bones approximate Ischial tuberosities move further apart
30
Position of sacrum is determined by
Forces from on high
31
Position of ilium is controlled by
Movement of femur
32
Disc-vertebrae height ratio determines
Degree of movement at spinal segments
33
Orientation of articular facets determines
The types of movement available at a spinal segment
34
Loose pack
Resting position. Minimal congruence between articular surfaces
35
CLose Pack
Maximum congruence (and hence tension) between articular surfaces.
36
Tonic Muscles
Janda Postural muscles Tend to become tight/hypertonic, develop contractures Calves, hip flexors, QL, hammies, pec maj, upper traps
37
Phasic Muscles
Janda Non-postural muscles Tend to become weak and inhibited Lower traps, v lat and VMO, rhomboids, tib ant
38
Lumbosacral Angle
Sacrum to middle L5 body | 140º
39
Lumbar Lordotic Curve
Top L1-Base L3 | 50º
40
Sacral Angle
Top of sacral base with horizon | 30º
41
Pelvic Angle
S2 to top of pubic symphysis, with the horizon | 30º
42
Spondylosis
Degeneration of IVD
43
Spondylolysis
Defect in the Pars articularis of vertebral arch
44
Spondylolisthesis
Forward displacement of one vertebrae
45
Lumbarization
Mobile (unfused) S1
46
Sacralization
Fused L5
47
Greatest movement of L-spine
L5/S1
48
Normal pelvic tilt
7-15º. ish

Spinal Tx 600 (9 decks)

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