class 1 and rubber dam Flashcards
why do we get rid of caries? (I think that’s what its referring to -might be wrong)
- infectious desease
2. preparation ( surgical procedure) redices microorganisms
list 4 objectives of tooth preparation
- remove defects and protect pulp
- conservative cutting
- form preparation to withstand forces of mastication
- allow for functional placement of restoration
seven steps of cavity preparation are?
- outline form
- resistance form
- retention form
- convenience form
- removal of decay
- cavosurface finish
- debridement of the preparation
what are three characteristics of the outer shape or perimeter of the prep?
- FL width is 1mm ( measured with smallest amalgam condenser)
- extends slightly into occlusal primary groove ( slightly up major grooves)
- maintain marginal and oblique ridge integrity (follow contour of ridge)
what is resistance form?
internal shape produced that best prevents fracture of the filling material
5 steps of resistance form:
- amalgam preps:extend 0.5mm into dentin (clinically) on the pulpal floor
- preparation average 1.7-2mm (in typodont teeth)
- maintain marginal and oblique ridge integrity
- smooth, flat pulpal floor( perpendicular to long axis of tooth
- mesial and distal walls from 6 degree angle with pulpal floor
a. enter bur perpendicular to occlusal surface so 1/2 -2/3 of cutting length sinks into the prep
what is retention form?
internal shape that best prevents the filling material from falling out
* facial and ligual walls from right (or very slightly acute0 angle with the pulpal floor
how many classifications of tooth carries by location are there?
6
What should you know about class 1 carries (3 answers)?
- All pit and fissure carries
- can be found on premolars and molars
a. occlusal surface
b. facial or lingual surface (occlusal 2/3rds) - can be found on lingual surface of anteriors
where can class 2 carries be found?
proximal surfaces of posterior teeth
what kind of carries are class 2 - 6?
smooth surface carries!!!
where can class three carries be found?
proximal surfaces of anterior teeth
where can class 4 carries be found?
proximal surface of anterior teeth, involving incisal angle
what do class 5 carries involve?
gingival 1/3 of all teeth facially and lingually
where can class 6 carries be found?
on cusp tips and incisal edges
what 2 instruments are used?
- perio probe
2. explorers # 23 and # 17
what are 4 characteristics of tooth preparation walls ?
- axial wall is parallel to the long axis of the tooth
- pulpal floor or wall is perpendicular to the long axis of the tooth
- internal walls : pulpal and axial
- external walls : distal , facial, lingual and gingival
what is a line angle?
where two surfaces come together
what is a point angle?
where 3 surfaces come together
simple =
one surface only
compound=
two surfaces
complex=
3 or more surfaces
what are 6 methods of controlling the operating field?
- antsialogogues- not routinely used for operative procedures
- local anesthetics
- bibulous paper
- cotton rolls
- vacuum devices
- rubber dam
4 examples of antisalogogues are?
artopine sulfate (.25-.5mg) - @ hr prior to procedure
- belladonas (15mg)- 2 hr prior to procedure
- scopalamine ( .4mg) - 1/2 hour prior to preocedure
- valium (5-10mg) 1 hr prior to procedure
name a type of local anesthetic and say what its purpose is
lidocaine- relaxes patient, reduces salivary flow
what is the purpose of using cotton rolls?
to block duct openings
- parotid, sublingual
- changed as often as needed to keep field dry
what are 2 types of vacuum devices ?
- hi-speed evacuation
2. saliva ejectors
what produces the ideal working area?
rubber dam and high speed evacuation vacuum
why should u use a rubber dam?(10)
reduces microbial contamination by up to 99%- infection control: hepatitis, TB, Aids
- most significant significant reduction is in vicinity of operator and dental assistant
- center for disease control and prevention reccomends it
- provides patient protection and increases access, visibility and moisture control
- prevents aspiration or swallowing of foreign bodies
- saves time - 40-50%
- isolates working field
- depresses gingiva around teeth
- improves vision and access by removing impediment (lip, cheek, tongue)
- produces a clean dry field
how does rubber dam protect patient?
- reduces chance of slicing soft tissue
2. prevents salivary contamination
how does the rubber dam save time?
keeps patient from constantly talking and/or rinsing
how does the rubber dam improve field of vision?
- by providing uniform non-glare background
2. acts as a tongue depressor/ cheek retractor
why is it important to have a clean dry working field?
- improves quality of amalgam restorations
- mandatory for all bonded restorations!! because moisture adversely affects retention and permanence of bonded restoration
what is a rubber dam punch used for?
to punch holes of various diameter according to class of tooth
how far apart should holes be (rubber dam punch)?
1.5-2mm apart 5- anchor teeth 4- molars 3. premolars and canines 2- maxillary incisors 1- mandibular incisors
what happens if teeth in the operating field are missing or not in alignment? (rubber dam punch)
the holes for these teeth should be skipped and realigned and the opening field readjusted as necessary.
Rubber dam clamps (retainers) are used to? plus one more fact?
- used to achor dam to teeth
2. come in various sizes, winged and unwinged, and may have prongs to help clamp to partially erupted teeth
Instruments used for rubber dam ?
- rubber dam punch
- rubber dam clamps
- dental floss- used to ligate clamps to the rubber dam frame
- scissors- aids in removal of the dam
- rubber dam clamp forceps : used to place and remove retainers
two rules about rubber dam clamp forceps:?
- for clamp to be secure, both points of each jaw must contact the anchor tooth below the height contour
- bow of clamp always faces posteriorly - in simple English- towards back of mouth!!
what is the proper anterior isolation? (class 3 , 4 , or 5)
first premolar- use 2 clamps - 1 on each premolar
what is the proper isolation for posterior quadrant?
second molar- 1 tooth past midline (central incisor) - clamp on second molar
what is the proper posterior 3-tooth isolaton?
clamp tooth distal to the one being restored and ligate tooth anterior to the one being restored
2 steps to removal of rubber dam?
- cut interproximal rubber dam
2. remove rubber dam clamp with forceps; clamp, rubber dam, and rubber dam frame are removed as one unit
what are 4 exceptions to the use of the rubber dam?
- patient phobic
- respiratory problems (cold, asthma)
- extremely malposed teeth
- broken down teeth
what are 2 things that must be done with class 2 preps?
- prewedge all class 2 preps
- place matrix (tofflemire) on adjoining tooth
* open end of retainer always faces towards gingiva
