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Anatomy - GI > Class 1 > Flashcards

Class 1 Flashcards

1
Q

Identify

  • Xiphoid process
  • R+L costal margin
  • 12th Rib
  • Iliac crest
  • Anterior superior iliac spine
  • Pubic tubercle
  • Pubic crest
  • Pubic symphysis
  • Sacroiliac joint
A
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2
Q

Identidy the quadrants

A
  • RUQ
  • LUQ
  • RLQ
  • LLQ
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3
Q

On the left diagram, identify the lines that form the borders and the name of each area.

A

Lines

  • Superior to inferior
  • > Left and right mid clavicular lines
  • Sideways
  • > Transpyloric line (sup.)
  • > Transtubercular line (inf.)

Areas right to left

UPPER = right hypochondriac, epigastric, left hypochondriac

MIDDLE = Right lumbar, umbillical, left lumbar

LOWER = RIF, hypogastric, LIF

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4
Q

What structures can be found in the right hypochondriac?

A
  • Liver
  • Gallbladder
  • Costal margin
  • Duodenum
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5
Q

What structures can be found in the epigastric?

A
  • Gallbladder
  • Greater curvature of stomach
  • Xiphoid process
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6
Q

What structures can be found in the left hypochondriac?

A
  • Spleen
  • Stomach
  • Pancreas tail
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7
Q

What structures can be found in the right lumbar?

A
  • Ascending colon
  • Ileum
  • R iliac crest
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8
Q

What structures can be found in the umbillical?

A
  • Transverse colon
  • Umbillicus
  • Jejunum
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9
Q

What structures can be found in the left lumbar?

A
  • Descending colon
  • Jejunum
  • L iliac crest
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10
Q

What structures can be found in the RIF?

A
  • Caecum
  • Appendix
  • Ileum
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11
Q

What structures can be found in the hypogastric?

A
  • Ileum
  • Recutm
  • Bladder
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12
Q

What structures can be found in the LIF?

A
  • Descending colon
  • Ileum
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13
Q

What is the action of the external oblique?

A

Pulls chest downward

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14
Q

What is the innervation of the external oblique?

A

Thoracoabdominal nerves T7-T11

Subcostal T12

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15
Q

What is the action of the internal oblique?

A
  • Accessory resp muscle
  • Antagonist to diaphragm
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16
Q

What is the nerve supply of the internal oblique?

A

Thoracoabdominal T7 - T11

Subcostal T12

Iliohypogastric and ilioinguinal (L1)

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17
Q

What is the action of the transversus abdominis?

A
  • Thoracic and pelvic stability
  • Abdominal movement
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18
Q

What is the nerve supply of the transversus abdominis?

A

Thoracoabdominal T7 - T11

Subcoastal T12

Iliohypogastric and ilioinguinal (L1)

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19
Q

What is the action of the rectus abdominis?

A
  • Postural
  • Respiration
20
Q

What is the nerve supply of the rectus abdominis?

A

Thoracoabdominal T6 - T11

Subcostal T12

21
Q

What is the difference between the arrangement of the rectus sheath above and below the arcuate line?

A

Above

  • External and 1/2 of the internal oblique aponeurosis run ANTERIOR to the rectus
  • The rest run posterior

Below

  • All aponeurosis lie anterior to rectus abdominis
22
Q

What is the rectus sheath?

A

Aponeurosis

  • of transverse abdominis and external/internal oblique
23
Q

What muscles are contained in the rectus sheath?

A

Rectus abdominis

Pyramidalis

24
Q

Vertebral level of umbillicus

A

L3/L4

25
Q

What can the umbilicus be used to identify?

A

Bifurcation of abdominal aorta

26
Q

Dermatome map

A
27
Q

When does the inguinal canal form?

A

During fetal development due to the relocation of the gonads

28
Q

What forms the inguinal canal?

A

Layers of the anterior abdominal wall pushing through to form a canal. It is approx 4cm long and lies parallel and superior to the medial half of the inguinal ligament

29
Q

What two points are the inguinal ligament attached to?

A

ASIS

Pubic tubercle

30
Q

Formation of the inguinal canal

A
31
Q

What forms the anterior wall of the inguinal canal?

A

Aponeurosis of the internal/external oblique

32
Q

What forms the posterior wall of the inguinal canal?

A

Transversalos fascia

33
Q

What forms the roof of the inguinal canal?

A
  • Transversalis fascia
  • Internal oblique
  • Transversus abdominis
34
Q

What forms the floor of the inguinal canal?

A

Inguinal ligament

35
Q

MALT

A
  • M = muscles (roof)
  • A = Apoeurosis (anterior)
  • L = ligamet (floor)
  • T = Transversalis (posterior)
36
Q

What is the relationship between the deep inguinal ring and the inferior epigastric vessels?

A

They sit lateral and cross over eachother

37
Q

What are the inferior epigastric vessels branches of superiorly?

A
  • Internal thoracic artery
38
Q

What are the inferior epigastric vessels branches of inferiorly?

A

External iliac artery

39
Q

What are the contents of the male inguinal canal?

A
  • Ilioinguinal nerve (L1)
  • Genital branch of the genitofemoral nerve
  • Spermatochord
  • testicular artery
40
Q

What are the contents of the female inguinal canal?

A
  • Ilioinguinal nerve (L1)
  • Genital branch of the genitofemoral nerve
  • Roung ligament
  • Blood and lymph vessels
41
Q

What are the two ways of classifying inguinal hernias?

A

Direct

Indirect

42
Q

What hernia is this and how can you tell?

A

=direct hernia

  • Abdominal contents not in the deep inguinal ring
  • They simply push through a weak spot in the muscles that make up the wall of the inguinal canal
  • Contents can pass through the external ring
43
Q

What hernia is this and how can you tell?

A

Indirect

  • Congenital weakness in the deep inguinal ring
  • Abdo contents in the canal lateral to the inferior epigastric vessels
  • Occasionally the abdo contents can also enter through the deep ring into the scrotum
44
Q

What are femoral hernias?

A
  • Occur below inguinal ligament
  • Abdo contents pass into the femoral canal
  • Can cause strangulation in the vessels
45
Q

What is an umbilical hernia?

A
  • Abdo contents pass through weakness in the wall at the site of the umbilical cord passage

Anatomy - GI (17 decks)

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