Class 1

Question 1

Pathophysiology

Answer 1

study of changes in body physiology which occur with disease & injury

Question 2

Nosocomial Infection

Answer 2

Hospital acquired infection

Question 3

Morbidity

Answer 3

illness

Question 4

Mortality

Answer 4

death

Question 5

Etiology

Answer 5

Study of the causes of disease

Question 6

Idiopathic

Answer 6

unknown cause of disease

Question 7

Iatrogenic

Answer 7

Adverse reaction caused by a health care professional.

Question 8

Epidemiology

Answer 8

Study of patterns of disease in large groups of people.

Question 9

Predisposing/Risk Factors

Answer 9

Heredity, age, gender, race, lifestyle, stress, environment.

Question 10

Prevalence

Answer 10

Proportion of population found to have a condition.

Question 11

Incidence

Answer 11

the probability of developing a particular disease during a given period of time

Question 12

Prognosis

Answer 12

Predicting the outcome of a condition, likelihood of recovery

Question 13

Sequelae

Answer 13

pathological condition resulting from a disease, injury, or other trauma.

Question 14

Precipitating Factor

Answer 14

The catalyst for development or progression of a condition.

Question 15

Aneuploidy

Answer 15

Chromosomal abnormalities.

• Increases as a women’s age increases
• Most common cause of miscarriages
• The result of nondisjunction

Question 16

Turner Syndrome

Answer 16

Missing an X chromosome (monosomy), feminine appearance but no ovaries therefore sterile, heart defects

Question 17

Down Syndrome (Trisomy 21)

Answer 17

Extra chromosome, low IQ, distinct facial features, predisposed to leukemia & alzheimers

Question 18

Teratogen

Answer 18

Any drug or mechanism that interferes with the development of a fetus.

Question 19

Mutation

Answer 19

Any inherited alteration of generation material.

Question 20

Frameshift Mutation

Answer 20

Addition or deletion of one base pair.

Question 21

Base pair substitution

Answer 21

One base pair is substituted for another

Question 22

Nondisjunction Mechanism

Answer 22

Homologous chromosomes fail to separate normally during meiosis or mitosis.

Question 23

Single Gene Disorders

Answer 23

Caused by a single gene that is defective or mutated.

-Include autosomal recessive, autosomal dominant & X-linked.

Question 24

Autosomal Recessive

Answer 24

2 recessive genes are required for the disease to occur. 25% of the kids will have it
Ex: Cystic Fibrosis

Question 25

Autosomal Dominant

Answer 25

Require only one dominant gene for the disorder to occur. 50% of the kids will have it
Ex: Huntington disease

Question 26

X-linked

Answer 26

Males inherit these from the mom, females become carriers from fathers.
Ex: hemophilia

Question 27

Multifactorial Disorder

Answer 27

A number of different genes contribute tot he disease.

• Occurs in families more often and have a later onset.
• Ex: Cardiovascular disease, cancers, diabetes mellitus…

Question 28

Clinical Manifestations

Answer 28

Symptoms: subjective
Signs: objective & measurable

Question 29

Other Etiological (Causes) Process of Disease

Answer 29

Inappropriate inflammatory response & tissue repair, immune response, cellular environment, nutrition
Infection
Obstruction (Mechanical or Functional)
Degeneration
Trauma (Mechanical, Chemicals, Temperature)

Question 30

Primary Disease Prevention

Answer 30

Prevention of onset of disease, before there are symptoms of the condition by altering lifestyle choices that may be risk factors. (ex: smoking)

Question 31

Secondary Disease Prevention

Answer 31

Early detection procedures, constant check ups, control disease progression.

Question 32

Tertiary Disease Prevention

Answer 32

Softens the effect of the disease/condition on the patient,modifying risk factors.