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Biology Year 10 > Clasification And Ecosystems > Flashcards

Clasification And Ecosystems Flashcards

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1
Q

Features of animals

A

Multicellular , heterotrophs , no cell wall or chloroplasts

Carbohydrate is stored as gylcogen they have nervous coordination

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2
Q

Features of Plants

A

Multicellular autotrophs (feed themselves ), have chloroplasts vacuole and cell wall made of cellulose , store carbohydrate as Strath, sucrose is transported around the plant

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3
Q

Features of funghi

A

Both uni and multi cellular
Saprotrophic (extracellukar enzymes are secretes onto food ) no chloroplasts but have cell walls made of chitin
Store carbohydrate as glycogen
Example is yeast and mucor
Body organised into a mycelium made of hyphae which contain nuclei
Mushroom is the sex organ

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4
Q

Features of protoctists

A

Most are single called organism

E.g algae amobea

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5
Q

Features of bacteria

A

Single cell organisms which have a loop of DNA . All are surrounded by a cell wall made of peptidoglycan which protects the bacterium and keeps the shape of the cell . Some species have another layer outside this called a slime layer . Some bacteria can swim and are propelled by flagella . Bacteria have plasmids in the cytoplasm which are small circular rings of DNA carting some of the bacterium genes . Some bacteria contain chlorophyll and can photosynthesis .
E.g e.coli salmonella

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6
Q

What do many funghi and bacteria do

A

They are important decomposes which recycle dead organism and waste Products in the soil

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7
Q

Features of viruses

A

They are non living parasites that can only reproduce inside living cells . It is composed of a core of genetic material (DNA or rna ) surrounded by a protein coat . A virus enters a host cell and hijacks the hosts genetic machinery to produce more viruses
E.g HIV influenza

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8
Q

What is classification

A

Putting organism into groups based on shared charchteristics and evolutionary history .

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9
Q

What do ecologists use to identify species

A

Dichotomous keys

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10
Q

What is a species

A

Similar behaviour , biochemistry , morphology , can reproduce fertile offspring as in meiosis chromosomes line up and this cannot happen jn cross species so they therefore can’t produce fertile offspring .

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11
Q

What is the scientific name made out of

A

Genus and species

Genus must be capitalised and the name must be in italics

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12
Q

What is the classification hierarchy

A

Kingdom , phylum , class , order , family , genus , species

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13
Q

What is an ecosystem

A

A distinct self supporting system of organism interacting with each other and with a physical environment .
Consist of producers consumer decomposers and a physical environment . The interaction between biotic and abiotic factors in an area

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14
Q

What are producers

A

Plants which photosynthesise to produce food

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15
Q

What are consumers

A

Animals that eat plants or other animals

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16
Q

What are decomposes

A

Decay dead material and help to recycle nutrients

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17
Q

What is the physical environment

A

Total sum of non biological (non living ) components of the ecosystem

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18
Q

What is a habitat

A

A place where specific organism live

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19
Q

What is the population

A

The number of individuals of a particular species found in an ecosystem at anyone time

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20
Q

What is the community

A

The population of all species found in a particular ecosystem living together

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21
Q

What is a niche

A

The role of an organism in an ecosystem

22
Q

Producers

A

Are the autotrophs like plants they are always at the bottom of the food chain

23
Q

Consumers

A

Heterotrophs anything that consumes other organism

24
Q

What are trophic levels

A

Different stages in a food chain

25
Q

What is the top carnivore

A

Something that nothing eats

26
Q

What does a food chain tell us

A

Feeding relationships in an ecosystem

27
Q

What does a pyramid of number show

A

Represents the number of organism in each trophic level

28
Q

What does a pyramid of biomass show

A

The total dry mass of living matter at each trophic level . These are always in a triangle

29
Q

Why are they pyramid shaped

A

Some parts of the grass arent eaten
Some parts aren’t digested
Many are respires to release energy
Only a small fraction of grass material ends up in the rabbit . Similar loses are repeated at each stage in the food chain

30
Q

Why is it ineffecitent for humans to eat meat

A

Beacuse the energy has passed through 2 steps by the time it reaches humans . And at each step the amount of available energy has decreased

31
Q

How much energy is passed on through the food chain

A

Only 10% which is why food chains never have more than 5 links .

32
Q

What are the stages of eutrophication

A

1) farmers add nitrate containing fertilisers to their soil
2) when it rains nitrates dissolve beacuse they are soluble
3) water runs off the field and the nitrates are leached into lakes and streams
4) algae growth increased rapidly - there is an algal bloom
5) plants die beacuse the sunlight can’t reach them and they therefore can’t photosynthesis
6) bacteria decompose the dead plant and reproduce
7) aerobic respiration from the bacteria during decay means the water is anoxic and all life dies

33
Q

What does denitrifying bacteria do

A

Uses nitrates as an energy source and converts them into nitrogen gas this reduces the amount of mitiguen in the soil

34
Q

Why is nitrogen important

A

All amino acids have nitrogen and therefore all protein and enzymes need nitrogen . All nucleotides contain a nitrogenous base so all DNA requires nitrogen

35
Q

How is nitrogen taken into the food chain

A

Nitrogen fixation - converts n2 which is inert due to strong covalent bonds has into a useable form
- amonia
- nitrates
- nitrates
Then assimilation
Plants take up nitrogen and convert it into Amino acids and DNA
Animals eat plants and the ready made amino acid and DNA

36
Q

What is nitrogen fixation

A

Nitrogen gas is converted by free living nitrogen fixing bacteria into amoniaco

37
Q

What is nitrification

A

Amonia is converted by nitrifying bacteria into nitrite and then nitrate

38
Q

How else can you obtain nitrogen

A 
Lightning  turns 02 +n2 into nitrite. Haber process turns nitrogen into amonia 
Organic fertiliser ( manure , compost )
39
Q

How do plants assimilate the nitrates and amonia

A

Take them up in the roots of the plant and convert them into amino acids and nucleotides . They have long root hair cells to maximise surface area for a greater uptake of nutrients .

40
Q

What have legumes got

A

Root modules which have a symbiotic relationship with nitrogen fixing bacteria ( rhizobium ) that exchange amonia to the plant in exchange for carbohydrates . Legumes have lots of protein because of this . Farmers take advantage of theirs by crop rotation

41
Q

How does organic nitrogen get into the soil

A

Death or excretion in urea it is the amonified by decomposers

42
Q

How is carbon fixed

A

Photosynthesis fixes carbon into atoms in carbohydrates , lipids , proteins and plants

43
Q

How is carbon passed down

A

Death or excretion releases carbon atoms in organic compounds decomposers return carbon to the atmosphere as CO2 , if this is not possible the plant or animal material will become fossilised into fossil fuels in the future for combustion

44
Q

How is carbon given into the air

A

Respiration releases CO2 and so does combustion

45
Q

How is carbon passed down a good chain

A

By feeding and assimilation

46
Q

What is the water cycle driven by

A

Heat from the sun which evaporates water from the surface of the oceans lakes and rivers .

47
Q

What releases water into air

A

Transpiration and respiration of organisms releases water vapour into air

48
Q

How does water vapour come down

A

Clouds rise over mountains and high ground and cool and water condenses to form rain or snow and this falls as precipitation on the earth where it is taken up by animals or plants or eneters rivers and flows to sea to start the cycle again

49
Q

How do carbon atoms get into humans

A

Feeding asimmilation , carbon from carbohydrates lipids and proteins

50
Q

What do carbon decomposers do

A

Release c02 into atmosphere by respiration

Biology Year 10 (5 decks)

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