Clade Reptiles

Question 1

Clade Reptiles include . . .

Answer 1

Includes tuataras, lizards, snakes, turtles, crocodilians, birds, and extinct groups

Early taxonomists excluded birds, but they are just very adapted

Question 2

Characteristics of non-avian reptiles

Answer 2

1. skin protection and shedding that create a waterproof barrier resistant to desiccation
2. Reproductive isolation of laying oviparous eggs
3. Circulatory system with 3 chambered heart
4. Ectothermic

Question 3

Origin and Evolutionary Radiation of Reptiles

Answer 3

Permian diversification from collapse of the carboniferous forest that created cooler arid climates

Permian mass extinction cleared ecological niches in the Triassic period and throughout the Mesozoic era

Question 4

Two Primary Lineages of Diapsids

Answer 4

1. Lepidosaurs (tuataras, lizards, snakes, and extinct mosasaurs
2. Archosaur (gave rise to crocodilians, pterosaurs, and dinosaurs)

Question 5

Turtles and Tortoises

Answer 5

Herbivorous or carnivorous

Anapsid skulls w/out large openings behind th eyes, but descended from diapsid ancestors

Box-like bony or cartilaginous shell fused to vertebrae, clavicles, and ribes

Teeth mostly lost

Question 6

Lepidosaurs

Answer 6

Reptiles with teeth fused to the jaw and a body covered with overlapping scales derived from the epidermis

Males have a hemipenis (paired penis)

Monophyletic group including Tuataras and Squamates (lizards and snakes)

Question 7

Tuataras

Answer 7

Clade in Lepidosaurs

Lizard like but Lack a modified jaw and male genitalia

Internal fertilization via copulation

Question 8

Squamates

Answer 8

Dominant lineage of Lepidosaurs clade

Lizards and snakes that have loosely jointed jaws and skulls and a hemipenis in males

Lizards have well-developed limbs and external ears but snakes don’t and came from burrowing lizards

Question 9

Archosaurs

Answer 9

Reptiles with socketed teeth that are not fused to the jaw, and the teeth are lost and replaced by a horny bill/beak

Two lineages: Crocodilians and birds

Question 10

Crocodilians

Answer 10

Type of Archosaurs adapted to semi-aquatic lifestyles, large predatory with elongated and flattened skulls, and show maternal care

Question 11

Extinct Reptiles

Answer 11

Two Lineages of Diapsids:
1. Ichthyosaurs (dolphin-like with an upright tail not in line with body)
2. Plesiosaurs (flippered marine reptiles with small heads, long necks, and slender tails)

Extinct Archosaurs include Pterosaurs and non-avian dinosaurs