CLA Theorists

Question 1

Halliday 7 functions of acquiring language

Answer 1

Instrumental, regulatory, interactional, personal, heuristic, imaginative, representational

Question 2

Dore functions

Answer 2

Labelling, retreating, answering, requesting action, calling, greeting, protesting, practicing

Question 3

CDS

Answer 3

Social purpose suggested by Keith and Shuttelworth
To gain attention
Makes language more accessible
Some countries like papa New Guinea don’t use baby talk (effective)

Question 4

Cruttenden negatives

Answer 4

1. No and not
2. Don’t and can’t placed after subject
3. Didn’t and isn’t used more accurately

Question 5

Cruttenden questions

Answer 5

1. Inotation
2. Question words
3. Auxiliary verbs

Question 6

Chomsky (nature)

Answer 6

Children are born with innate knowledge of language structure
Caregivers correct children and they either adopt or reject the change

Question 7

Skinner (nurture)

Answer 7

Imitation theory of copying parents accents
Behaviourism
Learnt went not goed because they hear it

Question 8

Kroll (learning to write)

Answer 8

Preparatory stage (basic motor skills)
Consolidation (colloquialisms)
Differential (structure)
Integration (stylistic changes)

Question 9

Additional

Answer 9

Child adds to words
Diminutisation is adding ‘y’ to end eg. Doggy

Question 10

Deletion

Answer 10

Removes sounds eg, ca

Question 11

Consonant cluster reduction

Answer 11

Removes some sounds eg. Ra-it for rabbit

Question 12

Substitution

Answer 12

Subs easier phoneme eg loghurt not yoghurt

Question 13

Assimilation

Answer 13

Using sounds from later in word eg lellow

Question 14

Holophrastic stage

Answer 14

Single words usually nouns
Adding some intonation like parents but mostly shouting words for Qs

Question 15

Two word stage

Answer 15

Verbs start emerging with lots of nouns
Mostly two word sentences eg milo woof

Question 16

Telegraphic stage

Answer 16

Enough words to successfully communicate
Prepositions and pronouns

Question 17

Post telegraphic stage

Answer 17

Contactions and irregular verbs

Question 18

Benco and Brown

Answer 18

Children notice mistakes but unable to identify the mistake specifically
Fis but seen as fish to them

Question 19

Transposition

Answer 19

Mixing up letters
B for d

Question 20

Ascender or descender graphemes

Answer 20

Pen movement

Question 21

Barclay theory

Answer 21

Mock handwriting etc

Question 22

Joan Rothery (reason for writing)

Answer 22

Observational, recount, report, narrative

Question 23

Berko and Gleason

Answer 23

Wug test to show how children have understanding of plurals they can apply to anything
75% could apply it

Question 24

Kath Nelson

Answer 24

Classifying words
Using nouns as main word class
Children at holophrastic stage whose mothers corrected them a lot advanced slower in vocabulary

Question 25

Egotistical

Answer 25

All revolves around child

Question 26

J. Bruner (nurture)

Answer 26

Social and interactional accelerate language
Adults reinforce conversational and pragmatical skills
Turn taking
Asking and labelling things

Question 27

Snow

Answer 27

Motherese
Sing song voice
Question and answer

Question 28

Clark and Clark

Answer 28

Children only exposed to adult interaction don’t acquire the same standard of language
However babies who blend in with adults go through same development stages

Question 29

Keith and shuttleworth

Answer 29

CDS is social not educational
CDS doesn’t directly help babies learn language
It helps parents communicate with children

Question 30

Katherine Nelson

Answer 30

Children whose mothers corrected them on word choice and pronunciation advanced slower
During holophrastic stage

Question 31

Positive reinforcement

Answer 31

Skinner
Recasting and expansions of Childs language even if incorrect