CLA TEST REVISION

Question 1

Who invented the LAD and what is it? Which theory does it support?

Answer 1

NATIVISM. INNATENESS.
American linguist - Noah Chomsky

A LAD is an inbuilt language acquisition device, meaning that children are born with an intrinsic ability to learn and develop language. They have a natural aptitude for the acquisition process.

Question 2

Who is Roger Brown and what did he do?

Answer 2

American psychologist - Roger Brown
- Invented morphological development - contraction of auxiliary verbs, popular verbs, VIRTUOUS ERRORS, third person object pronouns. SVO syntax.

Question 3

What are the first things you should be looking for when you are given the extract?

Answer 3

• PATTERNS / CONCEPTS / WHAT CAN THEY DO BEFORE WHAT CAN’T THEY DO…

GRAMMAR
- pronouns
- copular verbs + contraction
- determiners (a,the)
- question formation
- negation
- prepositions
- tense + inflectional morphemes
- third person ‘s
- ownership ‘s

Question 4

Name some theorists and ideas you could use to support the SOCIAL INTERACTIONISM approach.

Answer 4

RUSSIAN PSYCHOLOGIST VYGOTSKY - ZONE OF PROXIMAL DEVELOPMENT
AMERICAN PSYCHOLOGIST BRUNER - LASS
BELLUGI - QUESTION FORMATION (AUXILIARY INVERSION)
CHILD DIRECTED SPEECH
GENIE CASE STUDY

Question 5

What is child directed speech ? Which auditory features can it use ?

Answer 5

AUDITORY FEATURES :
- Higher pitch
- Slower pace
- Longer pauses
- Exaggerated intonation

QUESTION AND ANSWER DISCOURSE STRUCTURE - Engages child

TAG QUESTIONS!!! - Strengthen child’s comprehension of lexicosemantics.

Question 6

What is rising intonation?
Which theory does it support?

Answer 6

Rising intonation is a pattern of speech where the pitch of the voice is raised at the end - used when speaking to children - indicates uncertainty and underpins Q+A discourse structure - IDEAL CONNECTION TO YES OR NO INTERROGATIVES!!!!

Question 7

What is the ZOPD and who invented it?

Answer 7

THE ZONE OF PROXIMAL DEVELOPMENT - RUSSIAN PSYCHOLOGIST VYGOTSKY

• There is a hypothetical line, the child currently is at the beginning of the line, whilst the end of the line signifies the ideal positioning of the child. The space in the middle is the ZOPD, where the caregiver operates to elevate the child to new heights, from their original position to their new knowledge. Once this has been hypothetically completed, new lines appear etc.

Question 8

What is the critical period? Who invented it?

Answer 8

LINGUIST AND NEUROLOGIST LENNEBURG - Believed that there was a critical period in which children would develop if presented with adequate stimuli. He was of the opinion that if a child passed the critical period of pre-puberty without sustained language input, they would never fully achieve a command of language, particularly of grammatical systems.

Question 9

What do parents do when children make virtuous errors? Name specific words.

Answer 9

RECAST
REFORMULATE
REPEAT AND ENCOURAGE

AVOID:
CORRECT

Question 10

What is Genie’s case study?

Answer 10

Genie had a lack of sufficient lack of knowledge of language and social interaction - never will achieve full linguistic potential because she has missed milestones - eg. LENNEBURG’S CRITICAL PERIOD … LINK HERE!!! END OF SOCIAL INTERACTION POINT, TIE UP LOOSE ENDS

Question 11

What did Piaget do?

Answer 11

SWISS PSYCHOLOGIST JEAN PIAGET - Believed that children must first understand concepts before they can learn the language that expresses it. She places the acquisition process within the context of a child’s mental processes and cognitive development and places the active responsibilities onto the child of their own linguistic evolution.

Question 12

Who was Tomasello? What did he do?

Answer 12

AMERICAN PSYCHOLOGIST - MICHAEL TOMASELLO -
INTENTION READING - Children learn how to use language to achieve social ends.
PATTERN FINDING - Children look at many utterances and develop their own SCHEMAS based on patterns in language.

Question 13

What is the usage based approach ?

Answer 13

USAGE BASED APPROACH - Views grammar as a derivative of language, not a prerequisite.

AMERICAN PSYCHOLOGIST - MICHAEL TOMASELLO
- intention reading
- pattern finding - developing their own SCHEMAS to strengthen their comprehension of language.

Question 14

If you are running out of time, do you prioritise finishing your point or your conclusion?

Answer 14

PRIORITISE CLOSING YOUR ARGUMENT
* no explicit marks for conclusion, just helps with cohesion of essay structure

Question 15

TRUE OR FALSE - In your intro, you should name drop as many theorists as you can to prove you know who they are.

Answer 15

FALSE
- DO NOT do this as you cannot dive into depth on them. you will just be name dropping at surface level - NO MARKS FOR THIS!