cla Flashcards
ab, (a-, rarely abs-)
(away) from
abnormal, aberration, aversion
ad (ac-c.., af-f…, ag-g, al-l…, an-n.., ap-p, as-s, at-t..)
to(ward)
ad-similation — assimilation
accommodation, affluent, annectent, appetition, atterminal, attollen
ambi- (ambo, amb, am, an)
around, on both sides, both
ambiens, ambivert, amboceptor, ambosexual, amplexation, ancipital
ante-
before, forward
antebranchium, antebebrile, antepartum
antero, anterior
before, front or forward part of
anteroinferior, anterolateral, anteroventral, inferoanterior
bi (bis, bin)
twice, twofold
biciliate, binaural, binocular, bi-ennial, bi-monthly (2 month or twice a month)
circum
around
circumduction, circumoral, circumrenal, circumference, circumscribe
co- (col- com- before b,m,p, con, cor)
with, together, completely
coeducational, commercial, coordinant, corrugated
contra
against (counter-)
pros and cons, contra-ceptive, counterproductive
de
(down) from
decision, dementia, dehydrate
demi
half
demigod
dis-
apart from (dif-f..., di...) different discrete
ex
out of (e-, ef-f...) exit, export, excrete
extra
beyond
extraordinary
in
in, on (im-m…, ir-r…)
inflame, import, irradiate
in (il, im, ir)
not
irregular immortal
infra
below, lower
infrastructure
inter
between
intra
within
intro
within, inward
introduction
intus
within
juxta
beside, near to
juxtaposition
non
not
non-flammable
ob (o, oc, op )
against, in the way, facing
object, obstruct, obvious
per- (pel-)
through
per se, per annum, percent
post
after, behind
post mortum, postpone
postero (posterior)
more behind
postero-lateral
prae- (pre)
before, in front of
precordium, prenatal
praeter-
more before, beyond (preter-)
pro
before, in front of, forth, front part of
proposition, proscribe
re- (red-)
back (again)
reflex, react,redundant, redolent
retro-
more back, backward, behind
retroflexed, retronasal
se-
apart, free from
secretion,segregation
semi
half, somewhat
semicircle, semipermeable
sub (suc, suf, sup, sus)
under, below, near, somewhat, moderately
subcutis, subdorsal, subdermal
super (sur)
over* above excessively
superscript, supernatural
supra
above
supra-renal
trans (tran)
across, through
trans-Canada, transfusion,transportation
ultra
beyond, excessive
ultraviolet, ultrasound ultra virus
-(t)or, -(s)or, -(x)or
agent, person who does something (x = c+s)
auditor, advisor, protector
-io(n) & -ura
action or condition from action
fission, fusion, adhesion, juncture, fracture
-men, -ment(um)
action, or condition resulting from an action
specimen (specere = to see), fragment(frangere, to break)
-ulum, -(b or c)ulum, -(b/c/t)rum
instrument vehiculum (eng = vehicle), curriculum
-(t)ia, -itas, -tudo, -or (but NOT -tor, -sor, -xor)
quality, condition, state (QCS)
dement(ia) –> eng = unchanged or -ce (patientia –> patience)
-itas –> eng = -ity (puritias –> purity)
-tudo -> eng = -tude (magnitudo –> magnitude)
-or –> eng unchanged (chonor, termor, odor)
-arium, -orium, -ium,
place
aquarium, sol[arium], audit[orium]
eng ver. may change to -ry (laboratory)
-(c)ulus, -illa, -uncula, -ella
small
globulus
-(c)ulus –> eng ~ -cle (globulus -> globle)(capsula -> capsule)
-illa –> eng = -il (pupilla -> pupil)
-ilis, -bilis
ability, capability, capacity
eng = -ile, -ble (fragilis, volatilis, audibilis, flexibilis_(fragile, volatile, audible, flexible)
-idus, -ida, -idum
state or condition
eng = -id (aridus -> arid)(rigidus -> rigid)
-eus, -ius, -aceous, -aneus, -inus
made of; having the quality or nature of; like
eng = -ous (igneus -> igneous)(cut-aneus –> cutaneous)
-iva (-ivus, -ivum)
nature/quality of
subjunctiva (eng = ive)(locomotive)
-alis, -aris, -ilis
connected or pertaining to
eng -> -al, -ar, -ile
(abdominalis–> abdominal)(alveolaris->alveolar)(infantilis->infantile)
-an(e)a/us/um, -ena/us/um, -(i)ensis, -(e)stris
place, origin, sometimes only “belong to”
americanus, Canadensis, subterraneus (eng subterranean)
-osus (-osum), -lentus (-lentum)
full of
-osus eng = -ous or -ose (fibrosus -> fibrous)(cellulosa -> cellulous)
-lentus eng = -lent (corpulentus -> corpulent)(succulentus[succus=juice] -> succulent)
somnolenta (somnus = sleep)
-ate
to put into action, perform
attenuate, elaborate, radiate
-sc-
to begin an action
rube-sc-ent (ruber[red] +sc+ ent[-ing])
flore-sc-ence (flo[flower]+sc+ent+ia)
-ad
in the direction of; toward
dorsad (dorsum = back)
unus, una, unum
one
prim -us, -um
first
duo
two
secundus
second
second-ary
tres (tri-)
three
tertius
third
quattuor (quadr-)
four
quadrivalent
quartus
4th
quinque
5
quinta
5th
sex
6
sextus
6th
septem
7
septimum
7th
octo
8
octava
8th
novem
9
nonus
9th
decem
10
decimum
10th
undecium
11
duodecim
12
viginti
20
centum
100
centesimum
100th
centennial
mille
1000
millennium
abdomen/abdominis
lower belly
ac-
sharp, bitter (acer/acris)(eng = acrid)
acerbus (acerba, acerbum)(eng = exacerbate)
acetum
vinegar, aceta-bulum(vinegar place)
acidus (acida, acidum)
sour
eng = acid, acid/ity
acus
needle, acuere = make sharp, acu/men
acutus (acuta, acutum)
sharp
acute
adeps/adipis
fat
ad-ole-sc-ere/ adultum
grow up
adolescent
alere/alitum or altum
nourish
aequa (aequus aequum)
eng = equal, even
equiangular
aestiv
summer
aestivate
ager/agri
field
agriculture
agere/actum
do e.g. agent, act, actor
active, activate, action
agitare, agitatum
shake
ala
wing
alba/albus/album
white, albumen
albescent
alga
seaweed
algor, algoris
cold
algid
altus/alta/altum
high
altitude
alvus/alvi
belly
alve-olus
ambulare/ambulatum
walk
amor
love
angere
choke, angina = choking
anima
air(in motion)
animal, animation
angulus
angle
annus
circuit, year
ann-ulus
ring
annular, annulose
anus
the seat, fundament, asshole
aperire/apertum
open
aperture
apex/apicix
end, tip
apis
bee
apiary
aptare/aptatum
fit
apti-tude, ad-apta-ble
aqua
water
arbor/arboris
tree
arcus
bow
eng = arc, arch
area
open space
arena
sand
argentum
silver
aurum = gold
artus
joint
arti-culus, article
atrium
entrance hall
audire/auditum
hear
audible, audition, auditorium, audience
auris
ear
aural
avis
bird
aviary, aviation
axis
axis axle
axial
(bac)ca
berry
(bacill)um (bacul)um
little rod or staff
bacterium
(barb)a
beard
(bibe)re
to drink
bibacious bibulous imbibition
bilis
bile
atrabilious bilirubin
bona/bonus/bonum
good
(brev)is
short
brief, brevity abbreviation
bucca
cheek; mouth
buccolingual
(os/oris = mouth)
bullire/bullitum
to bubble or boil
bulla
bubble, blister
bullation
burs)a
bag pouch sac
bursar
cadere/casum
caducus/a/um
(cid) = fall, befall
falling
coincident deciduous casual
caecus
blind
caec)ostomy ileo(caec)al
caedere, caesum
to cut, kill (cid-, cis)
caesural excise suicide circumcision
calere
to be warm
calor
heat
callum
hard skin
callous
calx/calcis
heel
recalcitrant
calx, calc
limestone, lime concretion
calculus
canalis
canal, channel
cancer/canceri
crab
candere
shine
candidus
bright, white
candidate, candid, incandescent
canis
dog
cape|re/capt|um
cip(i)-, cept-
take, seize, grasp
concept, inception, capacity, captive
capill|us
hair
capillary, capillitium
capsa
box
capsule
caput, capit|is
(cep-, cip-, capi-)
head
biceps, centriciput,decapitation, capital, occipital
carbo, carbonis
coal
caries
decay
caro/carn|is
flesh (carn-(i))
carnification, carnucula, carnivorous
cartilago, cartilaginis
catilage
intercartilaginous
case|us
cheese
caseification, caseate
catena
chain (caten-)
concatenate
cauda
tail (caud-)
caudad, bicaudal
caulis
stalk (caul-)
cavus/a/um
hollow (cav-)
biconcave, cavicorn, excavation
cedere, cessum
to go, move (cede-, cess-)
abscess, antecedent, succedaneum
cella
room, cell (cell-)
bicellular, cellipetal, heterocellular
cerebrum
the brain (cerebr-) cerebrifugal, decerebrate, cerebropedal
cernere, cretum
to separate (cre-, cern-, cret) discernment, incretion, discrete
cervix, cervicis
neck (cervi-)
cervicodorsal
cilium
eyelid (cili-)
biciliate, cilia, ciliola
cingere/cintum
surround (cinct-, cing(e)-)
cincture, cingulum
citare/citatum
to rouse, put in motion (cie-, cit-)
excitation, excitor, resuscitation, excitonutrient
claudere, clausum
to close, shut (clus-, claude-, claus-)
clavis
key (clavi-)
calvicle, subclavian
colere/cultum
to till or cultivate (cult- cole-)
agriculture
column/columinis
column (colum-)
columella
coquere/coctum
to cook (coct-, co(c/x)-) precocial, decoction, dementia praecox
copula
a bond, join (copul)
copulate
cor, cordis
heart (cord-)
cornu
horn
cavicorn, interramicorn
corona, corolla
crown (coroll-, coron-)
corolla, corona, coronet, paracorolla, coronary
corpus, corporis
body (corp-, corpor-)
bicorporate, corpulent, corpuscle, corporeal
cortex, corticis
bark (of tree) (corti(c)-)
cortiadrenal, corticipetal, decortication
costa
rib (cost-)
costoscapular, precostal, subcostal
crescere, cretum
to increase (cre-) crescent, increment
crus/cruris
leg (crur-)
inguinocrural
cubare/cubatum (cub-)
to lie down
incubate
cubitus
elbow (cubit)
postcubital
cuneus
wedge (cune-)
cuneate, intercuneiform, praecuneus, obcuneate
cuprum
copper
currere/cursum
to run (cur(r)- concurrent, incurrent, recur, precursive, excursion
cuspis/cuspidis
point (cuspid)
–cutere/-cussum
shake (cuss, cuti-)
concussion, discutient, succussion
cutis
skin (cuti, cuta)
cuticle, cutaneous
dens/dentis
tooth (dent-)
dental
dexter/dextra/dextrum
right (dex) (left = laeva/sinistra)
dexterity
digitus
finger, toe (digit)
digitipinnate, imparidigitate
dormire/dormitum
to sleep (dorm-)
dorsum
the back (dors-) dorsal, dorsigrade
dolere
to feel pain (dol-)
dolor (pain)
ducere/ductum
lead (duct-)
introduction, induction, deduction…
durus/dura/durum
hard (dur-)
edere/esum
eat, edible (es-) *not that important
ego
I, the self
superego
errare/erratum
wander (err-)
aberrometer, erratum, aberration
exter
e,ex,extra on outside (exter-)
exterior
facere/factum
to do (facie-, fic-, fect-) artifact, effector, olfactory, infect
facies, fici-
face
ficia, facet,facial, superficial
faex/faecis
dregs *not important
fascia
bundle
fatigare/fatigatum
grow weary (fatiga-)
faunus
woodland god *not important
femina
woman
fecunda/us/um
fertile (fecund-
fecundity
fertilis
fertile
fetus
offspring
femur/femoris
thigh bone (femor-) femoral
fenestra
window (fenestr-)
fenestrated
ferre/latum
carry (fer-, lat-)
sublation, ablation, efferent, transfer, relative
ferrum
iron
fervere
boil (ferv-)
defervescence
fibra
fiber, fibril (fibr-)
filum
thread (fil-)
figere/ fixum
fasten (fix-,fige-)
fixation, transfixation, dorsifixed
fibula
broach (safety-pin) outer bone of the leg
findere/fissum
split (fid-, fiss-, finde-)
fission, fissure, -fid
flaccus/a/um
flabby (flacc-)
flagrum
whip (flagell-)
flagellum, hemoflagellate
flamma
flame
inflammation
flare//flatum
to blow (fla-, flat-) conflation, flatus, inflation
flavus/a/um
yellow
flectere/flexum
to bend (flec-)