CL Flashcards
Ganser syndrome
In factitious disorder NOS
Transitory symptoms of mental illness, first studied in men in prisons
4 features
- approximative answers
- disorientation/altered consciousness
- psychogenic physical symptoms (analgesia)
- pseudohallucinations
Geschwind syndrome
Temporal lobe epilepsy
-hyperreligiosity
-viscosity of personality
-hypersexuality
Hyperphagia
-intense emotions
Types of vascular infarcts which are particularly impairing
Anterior cerebral artery
Parietal lobe
Thalamic
Cingular gyrus
Nephrogenic Diabetes insipidus
Decreased distal renal tubules sensitivity to ADH causing dilute urine
Causes HYPERNATREMIA in serum
Nephrotic syndrome (rare due to lithium)
Proteinuria, glycosuria, edema, hypoalbumenuria
SIADH
Too much ADH production, retain water
Causes HYPONATREMIA in serum
Central diabetes insipidus
Lack of ADH production in brain
Things to rule out in panic disorder
AS IT IS NUMBER 1 presentation for ANX 2 to GMC
HyperT Hyper para Pheo Vestibular dysfunction Seizures Arrythmias
As per nul: Hypopara Hypoglycaemia B12 def Sleep apnea Hypercortisol
Drugs that cause panic
Substances that cause panic
Decongestants and b adrenergic agonists, yohimbine, flumazenil, CHolycystokinine
Co2
Sodium lactate
Bicarbonate
Things to rule out for GAD
Medications
Medical conditions
Substances
Bronchodilators, anticholinergics, insulin, thyroid, OCPs, lithium
Rule out pheo, hyperthyroidism
Rule out insecticides, nerve gas, carbon monoxide, carbon dioxide, gasoline
Presentation of Niemann pick type c
Learning difficulties, hepato-splenomegaly
(Cataplexy- falls on ground when laughs)
Can look psychiatric
Presentation of metachromatic leukodystrophy
Looks like schizophrenia
Get neuropathy, dementia
Diffuse white matter lesions on MRI
Mitochondrial disorder presentations
Fatigue/muscle weakness, hearing loss, stroke like episodes, migraines, type 2 DM, cognitive decline
Increased serum lactate
Need muscle biopsy
Syphillis stages
Late:
Depressive symptoms (in ppt he put man presents with sudden onset depression with Catatonia )
Cognitive decline
Tabes dorsales (rare but loss of sensation below a certain point in spinal cord )
Paraneoplastic vs. Autoimmune encephalitis
CNs inflammation due to a cancer (anti hu, ma2)
Ex. Limbic encephalitis due to SCLC, seminoma, thymoma, breast CA, hodgkins——>mood changes, seizures, hyperthermia and other endocrine abnormalities
Vs
CNs inflammation due to antibodies against neuronal cell surfaces +- cancer
Anti nmda, Ampa, gaba
Anti nmda
Viral like prodrome
Cognitive deficits, seizures, altered LOC, neuropsychiatric disturbances
Hashimotos
Rapidly progressing dementia with psychotic symptoms
Very elevated anti thyroglobulin and anti thyroid peroxidase (TPoAb)
when to treat subclinical hypothyroidism (High TSH, normal t4)
if TSH over 10, treat everyone
7-9.99 and under 65 treat
above normal - 6.9 , age under 65 and symptoms, treat
normal to have increase TSH over 65
Most common psychiatric presentation of lupus
Depression
Also can get anxiety and psychosis
Most common psychiatric presentation of hypothyroid
Cognitive problems (45%)
Then depression and anxiety (30%)
Other normal symptoms: weight gain, cold intolerance, constipation
Most common psychiatric presentation of hyperT4
Depression (25%)
Other normal symptoms :weight loss sweating shaking palpitations
Hyperparathyroidsm commonly looks like what
Depression
Also paranoia confusion
Related to level of hyper calcemia
EEG findings for hepatic encephalopathy
Triphasic waves
Circuit of paper
Hippocampus, fornix, mammillary bodies, anterior thalamic nucleus, Cingular’s gurus
Atopognosia
Denial of a part of the body
Anosoagnosia
Poor insight
Non dominant parietal lobe
Binswanger
Type of vascular dementia
Widespread microscopic white matter disease
Psychomotor slowing and executive functioning problems
Corticobasal degen
PSP
Multiple system atrophy
Ideomotor apraxia (assymetric), strange limb syndrome
PSP: impaired upward gaze, symmetric PD
MSA: incontinence, autonomic problems, cerebellum problems
5 Ds of pellagra
B3 deficiency
Dermatitis, diarrhea, delirium, dementia, death
CO poisoning what does it affect in brain
Same for wernickes korsakoff
Same for Wilson’s
Globus pallidus
Mammillary bodies
Globus pallidus>putamen
