CKD / ECG

Question 1

Red flags for immediate hospital referral to tx renal colic?

Answer 1

1. Single functioning kidney
2. Pregnant women
3. Bilateral ureteric obstruction
4. Concurrent UTI
5. Sepsis and obstruction
6. Premorbid CKD of stage 4/5
7. Anuric renal failure

Question 2

Advice for patients to reduce risk of renal stone

Answer 2

• remain well hydrated
• low salt diet (reduces urinary calcium)
• low oxalate diet
• reduce protein in diet (reduces urine acidity)

Question 3

Invx for secondary causes of HTN

Answer 3

• renal artery imaging (young females)
• plasma renin to aldosterone ratio
• plasma metanephrines

Question 4

Dx of CKD

Answer 4

1. eGFR of <60 that is present for ≥3 months with or without evidence of kidney damage

OR

2. Kidney damage with or without decreased eGFR that is present for ≥3 months:
   - albuminuria
   - hematuria after exclusion of urological causes
   - structural abnormalities
   - pathological abnormalities (renal biopsy)

Question 5

Ivx for all CKD

Answer 5

1. Bloods
   - FBC, ESR, CRP, fasting lipids and glucose

(If eGFR <60 iron studies and serum Ca, phosphate, (PTH) and vitamin D should be included)

2. Urine microscopy and culture
3. Renal USS