CKD Flashcards
What is the definition of CKD?
Abnormal kidney structure or function, present for > 3 months, with implications for health
What is stage 1 CKD classed as in terms of GFR?
>/= 90 ml/min/1.73m2
What is stage 2 CKD classed as in terms of GFR?
80-89 ml/min/1.73m2
What is stage 3 CKD classed as in terms of GFR?
30-59 ml/min/1.73m2
What is stage 4 CKD classed as in terms of GFR?
15-29 ml/min/1.73m2
What is stage 5 CKD classed as in terms of GFR?
<15 ml/min/1.73m2
What does A1 mean in terms of persistent albuminuria?
<30 mg/g
What does A2 mean in terms of persistent albuminuria?
30-300 mg/g
What does A3 mean in terms of persistent albuminuria?
>300 mg/g
What is Stage 3a CKD defined as in erms of GFR?
45-59 ml/min/1.73m2
What is Stage 3b CKD defined as in erms of GFR?
30-44 ml/min/1.73m2
What are congenital causes of CKD?
- Polycystic kidney disease
- Tuberous sclerosis
- Medullary cystic disease
What vascular problems can cause CKD?
- Hyperensive nephrosclerosis
- Renovascular disease
- Small/medium vessel vasculitis
What secondary glomerular diseases can cause CKD?
- SLE
- Polyangiitis
- Wegener’s
- Amyloidosis
- Diabetic nephropathy
- HUS
- TTP
- Systemic sclerosis
- Sickle cell disease
What tubulointerstitial diseases can cause CKD?
- Tubulointerstitial nephritis
- Reflux nephropathy
- TB
- Schistosomiasis
- Nephrocalcinosis
- Multiple myeloma
- Renal papillary necrosis
What causes of urinary tract obstruction can lead to CKD?
- Calculi
- Prostatic disease
- Pelvic Tumours
- Retroperitoneal fibrosis
- Schistosomiasis
What are symptoms which can occur in CKD?
Most are asymptomatic, but in more severe disease - symptoms of uraemia and kidney dysfunction:
- Malaise
- Loss of appetite/anorexia
- Insomnia
- Itching
- Nausea/vomiting/diarrhoea
- Paraesthesiae/Tetany
- Bone pain
- Symptoms of anaemia
- Oedema
- Amenorrhoea
- Erectile dysfunction
- Severe dysfunction - Mental slowing, seizures, Myoclonic twitching
What are peripheral signs of CKD?
- Peripheral oedema
- Signs of PVD
- Vasculitic rash
- Gouty tophi
- Signs of immunosuppression - bruising easily, skin malignancy
- Asterixis
What signs might you see in the face in someone with CKD?
- Anaemia
- Xanthelasma
- Uraemic (yellow) tinge
- Jaundice - HRS
- Gum hypertrophy
- Cushingoid appearence
- Periorbital oedema - nephrotic syndrome
- Telangiectasia - scleroderma
What signs might you see in the neck in someone with CKD?
- Increased JVP
- Lymphadenopathy
- Scar from parathyroidectomy
What cardiovascular signs might you see in someone with CKD?
- HTN
- Sternotomy scar
- Cardiomegaly
- Stigmata of endocarditis
What respiratory signs might you see someone with CKD?
Pulmonary oedema/effusion