CKD Flashcards
CKD
progressive, irreversible kidney function decline >3 months
when do symptoms arise, when is dialysis needed
75% nephron loss
90-95% loss
CKD stages
- GFR >90 (at risk)
- GFR 60-89 (mild)
- GFR 30-59 (moderate)
- GFR 15-29 (severe)
- GFR <15 (ESKD)
azotemia
nitrogen-based waste accumulation
uremia
azotemia with symptoms
creatinine
increased
K
increased
phosphate
increased
Mg
increased
calcium
decreased
HCO3
decreased
arterial pH
decreased
hgb/hct
decreased, anemia is common
medications/treatment for CKD
phosphate binders
vitamins and supplements: iron, folic acid, B12, calcitriol, calcium carbonate
erythropoietin stimulating agents: stimulate RBC production (hgb goal: 10)
phosphate binders reactions
constipation, NV, itching, muscle weakness, slow/irregular pulse
what to monitor with erythropoietin stimulating agents
HTN
rapid wt gain
difficulty breathing
rash/hives
FVO in CKD
decreased UO
edema
HF
pulmonary issues
what needs to be monitored in FVO in CKD
weight (1 kg = 1L fluid)
I&O
fluid/sodium intake
what can be given for FVO in CKD
furosemide (loop/lasix)
HCTZ (thiazide)
target BP
<130/80
ace inhibitors
lower CV events in CKD and HTN
CCB
improve GFR and renal blood flow
thiazide diuretics
volume control
patient education for CKD
monitor wt
BP control
DASH diet
