CKD

Question 1

Kidney’s Primary Functions

Answer 1

1. Excretory / Excrete fluid, electrolytes, & solutes
2. Endocrine / Produce erythropoietin
3. Metabolic / Metabolize vitamin D & some drugs (e.g. insulin & some β-lactams)

Question 2

Reduces Number of functioning nephron leads to?

Answer 2

1. Decreased Production and secretion of
   erythropoietin
2. Decreased Activation of vitamin D
3. Decreased Regulation of fluid and electrolyte balance
4. Reduced acid-base balance

Question 3

Definition of CKD ?

Answer 3

progressive, irreversible kidney damage

Question 4

Characterized by

Answer 4

decreased eGFR or evidence of
kidney damage for at least 3 months

Question 5

The prognosis of CKD is dependent on the following factors:

Answer 5

(a)Cause of kidney disease
(b)GFR at time of diagnosis
(c)Degree of albuminuria
(d)Presence of other comorbidities

Question 6

Because CKD often presents with no symptoms, assessment for CKD relies on….

Answer 6

Appropriate screening strategies in all pts with
risk factors for developing CKD

Question 7

Laboratory parameters & indices to Evaluate kidney function & Monitor disease
progression:

Answer 7

1. SrCr
2. CrCl
3. eGFR
4. Urinalysis
5. BP
6. Sr electrolytes
7. And/or imaging studies

Question 8

Prevention of CKD?

Answer 8

1. Early identification of pts at risk for CKD
2. Aggressive strategies to manage the disorders that cause kidney disease such as DM,HTN, high protein intake & dyslipidemias

Question 9

Goals of CKD

Answer 9

1. delay and prevent the progression
   of CKD
2. Prevent CKD complications
3. Prevent the need for kidney replacement therapy

Question 10

How to Prevent CKD Progression Nonpharmacologically?

Answer 10

1. Nutritional management
2. Smoking cessation
3. Exercise

Question 11

How to Prevent CKD Progression Pharmacologically?

Answer 11

1. Glycemic control
2. BP control & proteinuria
3. Hyperlipidemia

Question 12

CKD patients should receive the following immunizations …..

Answer 12

1. Influenza vaccine, yearly
2. Pneumococcal vaccine if eGFR <30 mL/min/1.73 m2, nephrotic syndrome,
   diabetes, or receiving immunosuppression
3. Hepatitis B vaccine if eGFR <30 mL/min/1.73 m2 and risk of progression of CKD