Civilizing the "Native", Educating the Nation

Question 1

Who was William Jones?

Answer 1

He was an Orientalist. He arrived in Calcutta in 1783.He was appointed as a junior judge at the supreme court. He believed in ancient/eastern way of education.

Question 2

Name Four Orientalists.

Answer 2

1. William Jones
2. Henry Thomas Colebrooke
3. Nathaniel Halhed
4. Warren Hastings

Question 3

Name the orientalist society and journal.

Answer 3

Asiatic Society of Bengal
Asiatick Researchers

Question 4

Why Eastern Education?

Answer 4

Orientalists supported Eastern education because:-
It was necessary to understand India.
It would help Indians rediscover their heritage.
It was required to understand the lost glories of the past.
If Hindus and Muslims were taught what they were already familiar with British could win a place in the native’s hearts.
Britishers/Alien rulers would be respected by their subjects.

Question 5

Name the Orientalist universities.

Answer 5

Madrasa in Calcutta(1781)
Hindu Collage in Benaras(1791)

Question 6

Name two Anglicists.

Answer 6

1. James Mill
2. Thomas Babington

Question 7

What were the thoughts of Thomas Babington?

Answer 7

His thoughts were:-
A single shelf of a good European library was worth the whole native literature of India and Arabia.
He emphasized on English as the medium of learning
He felt western learning would allow Indians to read some of the finest literature of the world.
It would make them aware about the developments of the west.
It would Civilize and change the taste of Indians.

Question 8

“A single shelf of a good European library was worth the whole native literature of India and Arabia”-Who said this?

Answer 8

Thomas Babington

Question 9

Why western education?

Answer 9

It was a way of changing the tastes and desires of Indians.
Indians would begin to appreciate and buy European goods.
It would improve their moral character.
It would make them dependable civil servants.
It had the skills required for administration.

Question 10

5 points on Orientalists

Answer 10

They supported Vernacular language as a medium of education.
They supported eastern education
They supported Indian literature and culture.
They supported Sanskrit Collages.
William Jones.

Question 11

5 points on Anglicists

Answer 11

They supported English language as a medium of education.
They supported western education.
They supported English literature,
They supported English Universities.
James Mill.

Question 12

Wood’s dispatch was issued in the year ____.

Answer 12

1854

Question 13

What was wood’s dispatch?

Answer 13

it was an educational dispatch sent by the Court of Directors OF the East India Company from London in 1854.Outlining the educational policy to be followed in India.

Question 14

Serampore mission.

Answer 14

it was set in an area under the control of the Danish East India Company.
A printing press - 1800
A collage - 1818.

Question 15

Findings of the report of William Adams.

Answer 15

There were over 1 lakh pathshalas in Bengal and Bihar.
Each institution had 20 students.
Institution was set up by wealthy people or local community.
Classes were held under banyan tree or in the guru’s house.
Fee depended on the income of parents.

Question 16

Schools before 1850’s

Answer 16

The schools were known as pathshalas.
There were no fixed fee, no printed books, no separate classrooms, no exams.
Fee depended on the income of the parents.
Classes were held under Banyan tree or in the guru’s house.
The system was flexible as poor student worked in the field during harvest period.

Question 17

Schools after 1854

Answer 17

Government pandits were in charge of 4-5 schools.
They visited and improved the quality of education of the pathshalas.
Regular timetables and exam system were introduced.
Regular fee and attendance was necessary.
The educational system weren’t flexible anymore.

Question 18

Name two Indian critics of Western Education

Answer 18

1. M.K Gandhi
2. Rabindranath Tagore

Question 19

Thought of M.K Gandhi.

Answer 19

He believed English education created a sense of inferiority in Indians.
It made Western civilization look superior.
It enslaved Indians.
This made Indians Strangers in their own land.
The system focused on reading and writing only.

Question 20

What was education for M.K Gandhi?

Answer 20

Literacy- simply reading and writing was not education.
People were required to learn to work to make a living.
They were required to use theirs hands to learn crafts.
People should know the why and how of everything.
All-round drawing of the best in a child’s body, mind and spirit.

Question 21

What were Tagore’s thoughts and what is “abode of peace”?

Answer 21

Tagore wanted a school were the growing child was happy.
A place where a child could be creative and explore her own thoughts and desires.
He believed the child should be outside the rigid and restricting disciplines of the British to do so.
He chose to set up Shanti Niketan 100 km away from Calcutta.
It was a place were a child lived in harmony with nature and could cultivate natural creativity.

Question 22

Difference in M.K Gandhi and Tagore’s thinking.

Answer 22

Gandhi ji was a critic of western civilization and it’s worship for machines and technology.
Tagore wanted to combine the tech and science with art music and dance.