Civil war/ Reconstruction Flashcards
Sectionalism
When people favor the interest of one region over the interests of the nation. Showing loyalty to your section.
State’s Rights
the idea that each state had the right to determine whether or not to follow federal laws
About the north
- North was very industrialized
- Had many factories and businesses
- Wanted Traiffs
- Whanted to abolish slavery
- More transportation and had a more educatated pouplation
- Labobr Force was immigrants
- used cotton from south for textile mills
About the South
- Since the invention of the cotton gin, the need for cotton increased causing the demand for more slaves
- Economy based on farming and agriculture
- Did not want tariffs \
- Not that industrilized
- Labor force = slaves
- Sold cash crops
Harriet Beecher Stowe
- Wrote Uncle Tom’s Cabin
- This was in response to the Fugitive Salve Law
- She wanted to write a book to show what slavery really was like, this helped to fight against slavery
Lincoln
- Preident Lincoln main goal was to preserve the Union at all costs
- The 16th president of the U.s, during the civil war
- Nominated in the presidential election of 1860
- Lincoln opposed the expansion ofr slavery but not the system of slavery in the South
Harriet Tubman
- an escaped slave
- was the conductor of the Underground Railroad
- helped free many slaves with her bravery
Frederick Douglass
- an escaped slave
- Founded the anti-slavery newspaper “The North Star”
- Wrote many autobiographies about his life as a slave
Dred Scott
- Was a slave who was moved with his owner to a slave free territory
- He sued for his freedom
- Both the Supreme Court did not do anything, as they decided that slaves are property
- The Dred Scott Decision declared the Missouri Compromise as unconstitunti9onal
John Brown
- John Brown’s Raid on Harpers ferry
- Brown was against slavery so he led a raid to the armory at Harpers Ferry in Virgina
- He hoped that slaves would also help him revolt but they did not
- After Brown’s raid was stopped he was found guilty and then hanged
- John Brown was though of as a hero in the North and a treason in the South
The Missouri Compromise of 1820
- Written by Henry Clay the great Compromiser
1. Maine was admitted as a free state
2. Missouri as added as a slave state
3. Slavery was banned north of the 36-30 line, which was Missouri southern border - the compromise was put to try and keep the balance of free and slave states equal
- But was declared unconstitunal after the Dred Scott Desicion
Abolition
The movement to end slavery
- North supported
- South that this was an attack on their way of life
Compromise of 1850
- After gold was found in California, the area wanted to become a slave state
- This compromise was alos written by Clay
1. California was admitted as a free stale
2. New Mexico and Utah people were able to vote wether or not that piece of land would be slave or free
3. The Fugitive slave law was passed
4. Slave trade needed in Washington D.C
Fugitive Slave Law
Passed in the compromise of 1850
- Said that it was a crime to help runaway slaves
- Said that slaves could be arrested and returned to owners even if they are in a free territory
- North was against
- South thought that it was just their porpertyies being returned to them
1854 Kansas - Nebraska Act
- 2 terrorizes Kansas and Nebraska wanted to become a state
- Populor Sovereignty would decided
- Many people went to Kansas to vote even if they did not live there
- This did not follow the Missouri Compromise
- Caused violence
- Kansas become a free state in 1861
- The Republican Party was created to stop the spread of slavery
Bleeding Kansas
- A small civil was was caused over the control of Kansas
- Violence stroke throughout pro-slavery and anti - slavery groups all throughout Kansas
- Finally Kansas was admitted as a free state
Effects of the Compromise of 1850
- California become free state
- Fugitive slave law was passed
- and terrorizes got to vote
Battle of Fort Sumter
- Was the fist battle
- Started the Civil war
- Started when Confederates bombed a Union fort
- Confederaqtes won
- Date : April 1861
- Happened in South Carolina
Battle of Antietam
- Was the bloodiest day in U.S History
- More than 6 thousand soldiers killed in one day
- 5 days later Lincoln issued the Emancipation Proclamtion
- Union won
- Date : September 1862
- Happenede in Maryland
Battle of Vicksburg
- Grant’s army trapped confederate’s army at Vicksburg
- Supplies got cut off from Texas to the rest of the south by taking control of the Mississippi River
- Since supplies got cut off confederate troops surrendered
- Split the confederacy in half
- Huge loss fir south
-Date : may to July 1863 - in Mississippi
Battle of Gettysburg
- Turinging point of the war
- Lee;s army ha many casualties
- Beginning of the end for the south
- no way south could have revcovered
- Civil war continues but no victories for South
- Lincoln gave the famous Gettysburg Adress speech
- Date : July 1863
- At Gettysburg pensylavaina
Gettysburg Address
- Given during the battle of Gettysburg
- Lincoln gave a 2 min speech in Gettysburg Pennsylvania
- Lincoln dedicated a cementay on the battle feild
- Praised the bravery of the union soldiers
- Explained to the people the meaning of the civil war. This speech shows symbolism of the war
Appomattox Court House
- General lee meets General Grant at court House and surrendered
- South surrendered
- This ended the civil war
- Union won
- April 1865
- happened in Virginia
Emancipation Proclmation
- Only freed slaves in the rebelling states not in the border states
- Border states : Missouri, Kentucky, Delaware, Maryland
- This disrupted the confedarcy’s farming economy and their chance of getting help from Britain and France
- Civil war now had a bigger purpose :
To keep the country together and alos ending slavery
Lincoln’s 1st inaugural address
- primarily addressed tot he south
- Lincoln said that he would not sto0p slavery where it already existed, but wouldn’t allow it to move West
- Lincoln alos said that he will keep the union together even if that means he has to use force
- In 1861
linonln’s 2nd inaugural address
- The focus of the adress was not o the nature of the Union but about the sin of slavery
- Lincoln talked about how the southerners would rather go on war than give up slavery
- Was to help heal and restore the country after the civil war
- Lincoln did not want a harsh punishment for the south
- 1865
Jefferson Davis
President of the confederate states of America during Civil War
- could not get foreign allies
Robert E lee
- Commander of military forces for the confederacy
- Surrendered to grant at the Appomattox court house in Virginia
Ulysses s. Grant
- Commander of military forces for the Union
In 1864 was the commander for the entire Union army - Accepted final surrender at court House
North strength and weaknesses
Yes -
- Abraham Lincoln
- large pup platoon
- Storng navy
- More railroads - more transportation
- More telegraphs
- More factores
No -
- Offensive war - had to invade and occupy the South
- Did not know southern territory
- Militay leaders were not as good as the south
South advantages and disadvantages
Yes -
- Superior military leaders
- Reason to fight - to defend their way fo life
- skilled fighters - military
No
- less population
- few railroaders, factories, and warships
- President Davis lacked political skills
- Few telegraphs
Causes of the civil war
Creation of Republican Party, Uncle Tom’s cabin, Compromise of 1850, election of 1860, Fugitive Slave Act, John Brown’s raid, Lincoln-Douglass debate, Kansas Nebraska Act, Bleeding Kansas, Dred Scott decision
Conditions of South after war
- Millions of free slaves needed housing, jobs, clothing, medical care, and food
-Confederate money had no value - Railroads, bridges, roads crops building had been destroyed
- Economy was destroyed ( no free labor)
13 amendment
Ended slavery in the U.S
14 amendment
Citizenship and equal protection under the law to all born in the U.S - overturned the Dred Scott decision
15 amendment
Right to vote - all men regardless of race
Presidential reconstructi9on plan
- Started with Lincoln before he died
- Then Andrew Johnson took over
- wanted to welcome Sout back with kindness
- Did not want to punish Sout5h
- 10% of the voters must pledge loyalty to the U.s and ratify the 13th amendment to rejoin
- Former Confederate leaders could be a part of the goverment
Congressional reconstruction plans
- Radical republicans wanted to punish the south
- Passed reconstruction act
- Divided the south into 5 military districts with military leaders
- Refused to recognize new southern govermnts
- sent federal troops to south to help freedman register to vote
- Must also pass the 14th amendment to rejoin - full rights for freedman
Radical republicans
A group in the Republican Party that wanted to bring major changes. Like punishing the south, was a aggressive and violent group
Andrew Johnson
Was the 17th president, was into office after the assignation of president Lincoln
Poll taxes and Literacy tests
Rules made it hard for feed Africans to vote in the South
O Captain! My Captain
A sad poem about5 Lincoln’s death by Walt Whitman
Slavery in the west
Even as people moved west, some places still had slavery issues
Lincoln’s warning in inaugural adress
He told everyone to stay united and not fight
Freedman’s Burea
A group to help freed slaves with schools and jobs
Black Codes
Southern laws that limited African Americans rights
Hiran Rhodes Revel
1st African American elected to U.S Congress/ senté
Ke Klux klan
Group that terrorized freedman from getting rights
Phillip Bazar
A brave solider who carried dispatch’s in the 1st battle. Was the 1st Hispanic -American to be awarded the congressional Medal of Honor
William Carney
Took part in the assault on Fort Wagner. Became the 1st African American to be awarded the congressional Medal of Honor
