Civil War History Test Flashcards
Dates of War
April 1861-April 1865
Long term causes of the war
Slavery, sectionalism, economic differences, power struggle in congress, territorial expansion, abolitionist movement
Political boundaries of each side
Union: Maine, New York, New Hampshire, Vermont, Massachusetts, Connecticut, Rhode Island, Pennsylvania, New Jersey, Ohio, Indiana, Illinois, Kansas, Michigan, Wisconsin, Minnesota, Iowa, California, Nevada, Oregon
CSA: Florida, Georgia, South Carolina, North Carolina, Alabama, Mississippi, Tennessee, Virginia, Arkansas, Louisiana, Missouri, Kentucky, West Virginia, Delaware, Maryland
Line of CSA : Texas, Tennessee, Virginia, Arkansas
Goal of the North
Use Anaconda Plan GOAL: unite the Union. Ending slavery comes in AFTER Emancipation Proclamation.
Goal of the South
Defend. Make the North tired of fighting the war and recognize CSA independence. GOAL: be an independent nation that supports slavery.
Secession
to withdraw from the Union
Border States (defi)
slave states that remained loyal to union.
CSA
The name given to the states that seceded.
Emancipation
Freedom
Anaconda Plan
Divide the CSA in 2 by controlling the Mississippi River. Use a coastal blockade to cut off supplies.
Union political and military leaders
- Abraham Lincoln – President
- Ulysses S Grant – Military Leader at end of war.
- Robert Gould Shaw – Leader of the MA 54th
Battle of Antietam
- September 1862
- Bloodiest single day of war
- First major battle in the NORTH (Maryland)
- Lee’s army withdraws from North.
- Union Claims victory
- Gives Lincoln the opportunity to issue Emancipation Proclamation
Battle of Gettysburg
- July 1863
- Second and LAST major battle in the North
- 3 day battle
- Included the failed “Pickett’s Charge”
First Inaugural Address
- March 1861
- Upon becoming president in 1861
- goal is to help avoid the war
- We should not be divided as a nation.
- The government will not attack the south/war will only happen if south attacks.
- The country’s past will help unite the nation.
Emancipation Proclamation
- Announced September 1862, Enacted January 1863
- To give freedom to slaves in the territories that were rebelling.
- Slaves in the CSA were free
- African Americans could join the military
- seen as a military action, as it took a valuable resource (slaves) from the confederates.
- Prevented European nations from getting involved in the war on the side of the CSA
Gettysburg Address
- November 1863
- To help dedicate a cemetery for Union Soldiers
- Reminded the nation of shared past (refers to the Declaration of Independence – “Fourscore and seven years ago…”)
- Hoped to inspire North to re-commit to the cause of the war – saving the union and ending slavery (refers to the nation having a “new birth of freedom).
- Wanted to ensure that the “work” of those who fought at Gettysburg and elsewhere was not in vain (in other words, he wanted to keep up the efforts to save the union by winning the war)
Second Inaugural Address
- March, 1865
- upon being re- elected in 1864 after a difficult run against George McClellan.
- war was almost over – clear it would be a Union victory
- began to lay out his post war vision** – wanted to treat the south with “charity” to help move the nation forward as a unified nation as quickly as possible. In other words, he didn’t want to overly punish the south for their role in the war. **not directly in speech, but Lincoln’s post war vision included government assistance for newly freed slaves (Freedman’s bureau) AND limited black suffrage (voting rights)
January 1861
The South Secedes when Lincoln was elected
March 1861
Lincoln’s first Inauguration
April 1861
Attack on Fort Sumter
June 1861
Delaware, Kentucky, Maryland, and Missouri stay in the Union
January 1863
Emancipation Proclamation
July 1 - July 3
Battle of Gettysburg
July 1863
Attack on Fort Wagner
November 1864
- Abraham Lincoln Is Re-Elected
- Opponent: George McClellan. Wanted to end war by negotiating with CSA
- Lincoln had lost support because the war had dragged on for so long.
April 1865
- Surrender at Appomattox Courthouse
- Lee surrenders the Army of Northern Virginia to Grant on April 9th, affectivity ending the confederate’s ability to fight.
Confederate political and military leaders
- Jefferson Davis – President
- Robert E Lee – Military leader. First asked by Lincoln to lead Union. He refused.
