Civil War

Question 1

Abraham Lincoln

Question 2

Fort Sumter

Answer 2

-attack on Fort Sumter marked official beginning of the Civil War
-Confederate troops fired first shots
-South Carolina- first state to secede from the Union
-nobody was killed

Question 3

Battle of Bull Run

Answer 3

-1st battle of Civil War (shattered illusion of short war)
-Confederate victory
-happened at/near Manassas Junction

Question 4

Anaconda Plan

Answer 4

-Union strategy proposed by Winfield Scott
-called for naval blockade (along Mississippi River) of Confederate territory- plan to “strangle” confederates

Question 5

Winfield Scott

Answer 5

-last Whig party candidate for US President
-proposed Anaconda Plan

Question 6

Conscription Act of 1862

Answer 6

-required all white males aged 18-35 to serve 3 years of Confederate service if called
-if they join before 30 days they can pick regiment to join and if they join after 30 days their regiment is chosen for them
-exemptions: white men living on plantation with 20+ slaves, rich white men could also hire substitutes

Question 7

Jefferson Davis

Answer 7

-president of Confederate States of America during the Civil War- was in charge of policy, national strategy, and military strategy during Civil War

Question 8

Alexander Stephens

Answer 8

-Vice President of the Confederacy during Civil War
-“The Cornerstone Speech”- argued that new Confederate government was based upon “the great truth that the negro is not equal to the white man”

Question 9

Self-Emancipation

Answer 9

-slaves escaping to the Union army seeking freedom
-some slaves were caught and returned to the confederacy, but not for long

Question 10

Fort Monroe Doctrine

Answer 10

-escaping slaves who reached the Union lines would be considered contraband and not be returned to bondage

Question 11

General Benjamin Butler

Answer 11

-Union general during Civil war
-supported Fort Monroe Doctrine

Question 12

Battle of Antietam

Answer 12

-bloodiest battle of Civil War (24,000 troops lost in one day)
-halted the Confederate invasion of Maryland
-Lee proposes raid because it may result in: European recognition of the Confederacy, convince Maryland to secede
-resulted in a stalemate
-turning point of Emancipation

Question 13

Emancipation Proclomation

Answer 13

-was not released until Union victory @ Antietam in September 1862, and went into effect January 1863
-freed CONFEDERATE slaves, made war efforts go from saving the Union to ending slavery
-was gradual

Question 14

Thirteenth Amendment

Answer 14

abolished slavery in all US territories, passed in 1865

Question 15

Battle of Gettysburg

Question 16

Siege of Vicksburg

Question 17

William T. Sherman

Answer 17

-in charge of Western Theater (military operations of AL, GA, FL, MS, NC, KY, SC, TN, and LA east of the Mississippi River)
-took Chattanooga Tennessee
-Atlanta falls to Sherman (founded in 1848 as railroad hub, but not a major industrial hub)

Question 18

George McClellan

Answer 18

-was the general in command @ Antietam
-does not like Lincoln
-was a controversial figure

Question 19

Robert E. Lee

Answer 19

-Confederate General
-surrendered (to Grant) at Appomattox courthouse on April 9, 1865
-was pardoned by President Lincoln

Question 20

Ulysses Grant

Answer 20

-led Union armies to victory over the Confederacy
-later elected 18th president of us

Question 21

March to the Sea

Answer 21

-only Sherman, Lincoln, and Grant knew that the march was to Savannah
-purpose: to demonstrate strength of the Union and weakness of the Confederacy
-Sherman gave Lincoln Savannah as a Christmas gift
-lasted November 15 to December 21 1864
-“Sherman’s Neckties”- twisted rail lines left behind by Union raiders in the Confederacy during march to leave them unusable

Question 22

Election of 1864

Answer 22

Abraham Lincoln (Republican) vs George McClellan (Democrat)

Question 23

Delineate the events which led to the firing of the first shots of the Civil War at Fort Sumter and Secession #2

Answer 23

1) Secession #1 (Dec. 1860-Feb 1861): SC is very first state to secede from the Union, followed by GA, AL, MS, LA, and TX
2) Battle at Fort Sumter- first battle of Civil War (April 12, 1861)
3) Secession #2 (April-May 1861): NC, VA, TN, and AR. Border States: MO, KY, MD. Free States: Pennsylvania, Ohio, Indiana, Illinois, Iowa, Kansas, Nebraska territory, Utah territory

Question 24

“Size matters” and “size does not matter” - Using lecture notes, explain what these statements mean

Question 25

Discuss the major turning points of the Civil War, including specific leaders and battles and the impact of those battles

Question 26

What was the link between the Battle of Antietam and The Emancipation Proclomation?

Answer 26

-Union victory at Antietam gave Lincoln opportunity to announce initiation of Emancipation Proclamation

Question 27

What was the purpose of the Confederate Conscription Act? What were the exemptions?

Answer 27

-purpose: instituted “back door” draft (extending drafts beyond contract and until war ends). If troops join within 30 days, they get to pick regiment, regiment is assigned to them if joined after 30 days of receiving letter
-exemptions: 1) hiring of substitutes (rich white men would do this) 2) white males living on plantation w/20+ slaves (this angered people because “rich mans war, poor man’s fight”)

Question 28

Explain the political impact of the fall of Atlanta in September 1864

Answer 28

-northern voters take the Fall of Atlanta as a sign that the war is winnable and ensures Lincoln’s reelection

Question 29

Explain Grant’s strategy against Lee (hint: attrition)

Answer 29

-attrition: a reduction or decrease in numbers- this was a war of attrition
-Union: material superiority, control of public opinion, tactical organizational dominance = surrender of Confederacy and its physical, moral, economic, and financial collapse