Civil war Flashcards
Jefferson Davis
President of the CSA
Martial Law
Rule by the army instead of the elected government
- established in response to protests
Border States
Had slaves but never left the union
1. Maryland
2. Delaware
3. Kentucky
4. Missouri
Racism
the belief that one race is superior to another
South’s goals for the war
Liberty: freedom and independence
- they felt they had legal right to secede
- no need to fight, merely needed to tell the north
- were rarely the aggressors in battle
Jefferson Davis Quote
“We seek no conquest. All we ask is to be left alone.”
How did the north have Burden of proof
south has left unless the north can drag them back, south does not need to “fight it’ way out”
North goals for the war
Save the Union.
(most northerners felt more strongly about the union then they did about black people)
Lincoln important dates
November 1960: elected
December 1960: South secedes
March 1961: Inaugurated
Northern Strategies
- Blockade Southern ports
- Sieze Richmond, Virginia
- Control the Mississippi River
- Awful Arithmetic of War
- Total War
why did the N Blockade Southern Ports
No ships in or out
a. S unable to move soldiers or supplies
b. S unable to trade cotton for manufactured goods with Europe (traded cotton for guns and weapons)
Where did the North Blockade
Major south trading posts
- Charleston, South Carolina
- Galveston, Texas
- Chesapeake bay, Virginia
- New Orleans, Louisiana
- Savannah, Georgia
How did the North blockade
a. Use north naval ships, fired and sunk violating ships
b. Trashed harbors - clogged entry with trees, boulders, sunk ships, Railroad tracks, etc.
in charge of blockading ports/harbors
General Winfield Scott
why did the North Sieze Richmond Virginia & what did they do
Capital of the confederacy, 90 miles south of DC,
- Arrested leaders
- Forced Surrender
why did the north want to control the Mississippi river
a. Control “highway” for moving soldiers and supplies
b. Cut south in half
- Isolate Texas, Louisiana, and Arkansas
- Concentrate fighting in South East
How did the north control the Mississippi river
Achieved mid-war when Ulysses S Grant captured Vicksburg Mississippi
Awful Arithmetic of war
Grant and Lincoln’s idea
- Take advantage of overall manpower advantage,
- Relentless attack (even if you are at a temporary disadvantage)
- “Lose the battle but win the war”
- war of attrition
Total war and who came up with it
Grant, Lincoln, and William Sherman
- Destroy the South’s ability to wage war
- Nothing off-limit
- No distinction between civilian and military
- destroy your enemy and everything your enemy needs to survive
Southern Strategies
- Delay: Hope north loses interest (finds a new toy)
- Fight defensive war: easier to defend than attack
- Rely on Europe (GB)
Why did the war start
- Slavery
- States Rights/Union
- Liberty/Democracy
N/S Slavery opinions
N: Anti-spread
S: Slavery is an economic necessity in the south
N/S States Rights/Union opinions
N: Union is a sacred thing
- an eternal commitment
S: State’s Rights
a. states freely entered, they can freely leave
- the country was like a “club” of states
b. states should have the right to determine laws within their state
N/S Liberty/Democracy opinions
N: Democracy
- Lincoln won 1860 fair & square
- Citizens must honor the results of a fair election
- Thought the S was being a sore loser
S: Liberty
- Wanted to be free to pursue their happiness
- plantation system & whole S economy depended on slavery
Hiram Ulysses Grant
Hiram Ulysses Grant
H. Ulysses Grant
U.S. Grant
Won Civil War
2 Term President
Ulysses S Grant Life
- Early Childhood
- West Point
- Army pt. 1
- Post army failures
- Army pt. 2
- Retirement
- Presidency
US Grant Early Childhood
Personality formation - shy, lacked confidence
West Point
military academy that US Grant’s dad sent him to
Post army failures
farming, firewood seller, leather seller
Army pt. 2
- Colonel in st. Louis Missouri
- Lincoln quickly appoints him as union commander after he captured the Mississippi river
where did US grant get success and fame
When he captured the mississippi river in Vicksburg Mississippi
What were some problems with US Grant being in army
- Plagued my health issues, frequent migraines
- stress, drinking? - Took no pleasure in job
- conflicted
Who surrendered
The south (CSA)
what town did the south surrender
at Appomattox Courthouse, Virginia in April 9, 1865
where did they meet for the surrender
Wilber McLean’s house
Robert E. Lee
Union commader for CSA. surrenders.
who was involved with the surrender
Robert E. Lee: Union commander for the CSA
Hiram Ulysses Grant: Union commander for the USA
South succeded
Succession in Appomattox Courthouse, Virginia
Met in Wilber McLean’s House
US Grant quote
“The war is over. The rebels are our countrymen again.”
US Grant’s generous terms of surrender
keep guns
keep horses
pardons
soldiers and horses fed
US grant retirement
went back to st louis as a National Hero for both the North and South
- Finally got to do what he wants (read)
US grant presidency
1868 -1876
What did grant do when asked if he could be president
said that he will not campaign, but will serve if elected
how did people campaign for US grant
“Waving the bloody shirt”
- republicans blaming war on democrats
What did US Grant do about civil rights
Integrated west point
Break up the kkk
Proposed the civil rights act of 1875
Integrate
to de-segregate
How did US grant integrate west point
He invited Henry Flipper to be the first black student at west point in an attempt to integrate it. Flipper was later kicked out for made up reasons
How did US grant attempt to break up the KKK
Sent the army south but the KKk went into hiding and the army couldnt find them
What law did he propose at the end of his 2nd term
Civil rights act of 1875
What did the Civil rights act of 1875 say
Forbid segregation in schools, waterfountains, hotels, trains, train stations, etc. Passed for a bit
Why did the Civil rights act of 1875 get struck down
Rejected in supreme court for being unconstitutional
Said that the states had the rights to make laws concerning race, but national government did not
Why did people take advantage of US Grant
He was said to be loyal and trusting of all the people who took advantage of him
what were grant’s scandals
Whiskey Ring scandal
- someone who worked in the treasury department copied and printed the whiskey rings and sold them for cheap, so they were taking away the government’s money
- Grant lost all of his money in bad investments
- sold all his civil war memorabilia to Cornelius Vanderbilt who used it to pay off his debts
Lincoln’s secretary of war
Edwin Stanton
Grant’s post presidency
Youngest president @46 - 54
Travelled around the world as a leader for 2 years, then got diagnosed with cancer and wrote an autobiography about himself, which became a best seller and was used to help his family sustain income when he died
Abraham Lincoln’s First choice to lead the Union Army
Robert E Lee
Jefferson Davis’ first choice to lead the confederate army
Robert E Lee
The first “real battle of the war
Battle of Bull run,
- Told both sides how unprepared they were for battle
Overly cautious general named commander of the Union army following battle of the bull run
George McClellan, became commander of the Union army after the Battle of Bull run, and was incharge of training troops
Victorious General at Battle of Shiloh
Ulysses S Grant
Union Ironclad Ship
Monitor
Confederate Ironclad Ship
Was called the USS Merrimack, but South renamed it to ‘Virginia’
General Stonewall Jackson
Confederate general, attacked at battle of Bull Run, shot at the battle of Chancellorsville because Confederate sentries thought he was an approaching Union soldier
Battle of Antietam
Robert E Lee made plans to attack, but George McClellan found Lee’s battle plans and attacked lee. Both sides lost so many people and the Confederate surrendered. No one really won, but North claimed victory because of the surrender
Battle of Fredricksburg
Lee’s forces dug into a hill and started shooting wave after wave of Union troops. Unions WORST defeat.
Battle of Chancellorsville
southern victory in a dense forest. Confederate sentries shot at who they thought was an approaching Union Soldier, but it was general stonewall Jackson who got shot and died to the injuries later
Cornelius Vanderbilt
Grant sold all his Civil War memorabilia to him, and Vanderbilt used it to pay off his debts
