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Civil war Flashcards

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1
Q

Jefferson Davis

A

President of the CSA

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2
Q

Martial Law

A

Rule by the army instead of the elected government
- established in response to protests

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3
Q

Border States

A

Had slaves but never left the union
1. Maryland
2. Delaware
3. Kentucky
4. Missouri

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4
Q

Racism

A

the belief that one race is superior to another

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5
Q

South’s goals for the war

A

Liberty: freedom and independence
- they felt they had legal right to secede
- no need to fight, merely needed to tell the north
- were rarely the aggressors in battle

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6
Q

Jefferson Davis Quote

A

“We seek no conquest. All we ask is to be left alone.”

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7
Q

How did the north have Burden of proof

A

south has left unless the north can drag them back, south does not need to “fight it’ way out”

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8
Q

North goals for the war

A

Save the Union.
(most northerners felt more strongly about the union then they did about black people)

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9
Q

Lincoln important dates

A

November 1960: elected
December 1960: South secedes
March 1961: Inaugurated

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10
Q

Northern Strategies

A
  1. Blockade Southern ports
  2. Sieze Richmond, Virginia
  3. Control the Mississippi River
  4. Awful Arithmetic of War
  5. Total War
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11
Q

why did the N Blockade Southern Ports

A

No ships in or out
a. S unable to move soldiers or supplies
b. S unable to trade cotton for manufactured goods with Europe (traded cotton for guns and weapons)

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12
Q

Where did the North Blockade

A

Major south trading posts
- Charleston, South Carolina
- Galveston, Texas
- Chesapeake bay, Virginia
- New Orleans, Louisiana
- Savannah, Georgia

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13
Q

How did the North blockade

A

a. Use north naval ships, fired and sunk violating ships
b. Trashed harbors - clogged entry with trees, boulders, sunk ships, Railroad tracks, etc.

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14
Q

in charge of blockading ports/harbors

A

General Winfield Scott

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15
Q

why did the North Sieze Richmond Virginia & what did they do

A

Capital of the confederacy, 90 miles south of DC,
- Arrested leaders
- Forced Surrender

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16
Q

why did the north want to control the Mississippi river

A

a. Control “highway” for moving soldiers and supplies
b. Cut south in half
- Isolate Texas, Louisiana, and Arkansas
- Concentrate fighting in South East

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17
Q

How did the north control the Mississippi river

A

Achieved mid-war when Ulysses S Grant captured Vicksburg Mississippi

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18
Q

Awful Arithmetic of war

A

Grant and Lincoln’s idea
- Take advantage of overall manpower advantage,
- Relentless attack (even if you are at a temporary disadvantage)
- “Lose the battle but win the war”
- war of attrition

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19
Q

Total war and who came up with it

A

Grant, Lincoln, and William Sherman
- Destroy the South’s ability to wage war
- Nothing off-limit
- No distinction between civilian and military
- destroy your enemy and everything your enemy needs to survive

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20
Q

Southern Strategies

A
  1. Delay: Hope north loses interest (finds a new toy)
  2. Fight defensive war: easier to defend than attack
  3. Rely on Europe (GB)
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21
Q

Why did the war start

A
  1. Slavery
  2. States Rights/Union
  3. Liberty/Democracy
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22
Q

N/S Slavery opinions

A

N: Anti-spread
S: Slavery is an economic necessity in the south

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23
Q

N/S States Rights/Union opinions

A

N: Union is a sacred thing
- an eternal commitment
S: State’s Rights
a. states freely entered, they can freely leave
- the country was like a “club” of states
b. states should have the right to determine laws within their state

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24
Q

N/S Liberty/Democracy opinions

A

N: Democracy
- Lincoln won 1860 fair & square
- Citizens must honor the results of a fair election
- Thought the S was being a sore loser
S: Liberty
- Wanted to be free to pursue their happiness
- plantation system & whole S economy depended on slavery

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25
Q

Hiram Ulysses Grant

A

Hiram Ulysses Grant
H. Ulysses Grant
U.S. Grant
Won Civil War
2 Term President

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26
Q

Ulysses S Grant Life

A
  1. Early Childhood
  2. West Point
  3. Army pt. 1
  4. Post army failures
  5. Army pt. 2
  6. Retirement
  7. Presidency
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27
Q

US Grant Early Childhood

A

Personality formation - shy, lacked confidence

28
Q

West Point

A

military academy that US Grant’s dad sent him to

29
Q

Post army failures

A

farming, firewood seller, leather seller

30
Q

Army pt. 2

A
  • Colonel in st. Louis Missouri
  • Lincoln quickly appoints him as union commander after he captured the Mississippi river
31
Q

where did US grant get success and fame

A

When he captured the mississippi river in Vicksburg Mississippi

32
Q

What were some problems with US Grant being in army

A
  • Plagued my health issues, frequent migraines
    - stress, drinking?
  • Took no pleasure in job
  • conflicted
33
Q

Who surrendered

A

The south (CSA)

34
Q

what town did the south surrender

A

at Appomattox Courthouse, Virginia in April 9, 1865

35
Q

where did they meet for the surrender

A

Wilber McLean’s house

36
Q

Robert E. Lee

A

Union commader for CSA. surrenders.

37
Q

who was involved with the surrender

A

Robert E. Lee: Union commander for the CSA
Hiram Ulysses Grant: Union commander for the USA
South succeded
Succession in Appomattox Courthouse, Virginia
Met in Wilber McLean’s House

38
Q

US Grant quote

A

“The war is over. The rebels are our countrymen again.”

39
Q

US Grant’s generous terms of surrender

A

keep guns
keep horses
pardons
soldiers and horses fed

40
Q

US grant retirement

A

went back to st louis as a National Hero for both the North and South
- Finally got to do what he wants (read)

41
Q

US grant presidency

A

1868 -1876

42
Q

What did grant do when asked if he could be president

A

said that he will not campaign, but will serve if elected

43
Q

how did people campaign for US grant

A

“Waving the bloody shirt”
- republicans blaming war on democrats

44
Q

What did US Grant do about civil rights

A

Integrated west point
Break up the kkk
Proposed the civil rights act of 1875

45
Q

Integrate

A

to de-segregate

46
Q

How did US grant integrate west point

A

He invited Henry Flipper to be the first black student at west point in an attempt to integrate it. Flipper was later kicked out for made up reasons

47
Q

How did US grant attempt to break up the KKK

A

Sent the army south but the KKk went into hiding and the army couldnt find them

48
Q

What law did he propose at the end of his 2nd term

A

Civil rights act of 1875

49
Q

What did the Civil rights act of 1875 say

A

Forbid segregation in schools, waterfountains, hotels, trains, train stations, etc. Passed for a bit

50
Q

Why did the Civil rights act of 1875 get struck down

A

Rejected in supreme court for being unconstitutional
Said that the states had the rights to make laws concerning race, but national government did not

51
Q

Why did people take advantage of US Grant

A

He was said to be loyal and trusting of all the people who took advantage of him

52
Q

what were grant’s scandals

A

Whiskey Ring scandal
- someone who worked in the treasury department copied and printed the whiskey rings and sold them for cheap, so they were taking away the government’s money
- Grant lost all of his money in bad investments
- sold all his civil war memorabilia to Cornelius Vanderbilt who used it to pay off his debts

53
Q

Lincoln’s secretary of war

A

Edwin Stanton

54
Q

Grant’s post presidency

A

Youngest president @46 - 54
Travelled around the world as a leader for 2 years, then got diagnosed with cancer and wrote an autobiography about himself, which became a best seller and was used to help his family sustain income when he died

55
Q

Abraham Lincoln’s First choice to lead the Union Army

A

Robert E Lee

56
Q

Jefferson Davis’ first choice to lead the confederate army

A

Robert E Lee

57
Q

The first “real battle of the war

A

Battle of Bull run,
- Told both sides how unprepared they were for battle

58
Q

Overly cautious general named commander of the Union army following battle of the bull run

A

George McClellan, became commander of the Union army after the Battle of Bull run, and was incharge of training troops

59
Q

Victorious General at Battle of Shiloh

A

Ulysses S Grant

60
Q

Union Ironclad Ship

A

Monitor

61
Q

Confederate Ironclad Ship

A

Was called the USS Merrimack, but South renamed it to ‘Virginia’

62
Q

General Stonewall Jackson

A

Confederate general, attacked at battle of Bull Run, shot at the battle of Chancellorsville because Confederate sentries thought he was an approaching Union soldier

63
Q

Battle of Antietam

A

Robert E Lee made plans to attack, but George McClellan found Lee’s battle plans and attacked lee. Both sides lost so many people and the Confederate surrendered. No one really won, but North claimed victory because of the surrender

64
Q

Battle of Fredricksburg

A

Lee’s forces dug into a hill and started shooting wave after wave of Union troops. Unions WORST defeat.

65
Q

Battle of Chancellorsville

A

southern victory in a dense forest. Confederate sentries shot at who they thought was an approaching Union Soldier, but it was general stonewall Jackson who got shot and died to the injuries later

66
Q

Cornelius Vanderbilt

A

Grant sold all his Civil War memorabilia to him, and Vanderbilt used it to pay off his debts

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