Civil Rights Reading Quiz Flashcards
Jim Crow laws
Segregated blacks from whites in virtually all public facilities including schools, restaurants, hotels, and bathrooms
Suspect categories
Divisions in society, such as sex, race, ethnicity
Discrimination based on age, disability, and sexual preference
Plessy v Ferguson
Supported segregation laws
National Association for the advancement of colored people (NAACP)
Founded to promote the enforcement of civil rights guaranteed by the 14th and 15th amendments
Civil rights act of 1964
Banned racial discrimination in public and voter registration and allowed the government to withhold federal funds from states and local areas not complying with the law
24th amendment
Banned paying a tax to vote ( the poll tax ) – a practice intended to keep blacks from voting
Voting rights act of 1965
Outlawed literacy tests and allowed federal officials to register new voters
Office of economic opportunity
Set guidelines for equal hiring and education practices
Busing
Ordered by courts in many school districts to integrate schools
Meredith v Jefferson County Board of Education
challenged the schools plan on the basis that it violated the equal protection clause of the 14th amendment
Parents involved in community schools v Seattle school district #1
challenged the schools plan on the basis that it violated the equal protection clause of the 14th amendment (#)
Reservations
Land given to Native Americans as tribes by treaties with the US government
Native American rights fund
Money for Native Americans
Suffrage movement
Right to vote
Document of sentiments
Modeled after the Declaration of Independence signed by 100 men and women that endorsed the suffrage movement
19th amendment
Allowed women to vote
Reasonableness standard
Law that enforces different treatment must be “reasonable, not arbitrary, and must rest on some ground of difference having a fair and substantial relation to the object of the legislation so that all persons similarly circumstanced shall be treated alike.”
“Strict scrutiny” standard
Used to judge racial classifications (which are “suspect” classifications): some distinctions based on Sex are permitted and some are not
EXAMPLE: buying bear for men and women must be same age law
Rostker v. Goldberg
Congress may require men but not women to register for the draft without violating the due process clause of the 5th amendment
Equal rights amendment
“Equality of rights under the law shall not be denied or abridged by the US or any state on account of sex”
Congress passed the amend but it never made it through the ratification process
Roe v. Wade
Broke the tradition of allowing states to decide availability of abortions within state boundaries
Pro choice v. Pro life
Women can abort
No abortion
Webster v. Reproductive Health Services
Court upheld some state restrictions on abortions but refuses to overturn roe
EXAMPLE: 24 hrs between asking and receiving abortion
Title VII of the civil rights act
Prohibits gender discrimination in employment, and has been used to strike down many previous work policies
Amended and expanded to discrimination based on pregnancy
Amended and expanded to sexual harassment (sex for job)
“Equal pay for equal work”
Women should be paid as much as men for their jobs
Comparable worth
Requires that a worker be paid by the “worth” of his or her work, not by what employers are willing to pay
Ledbetter v Goodyear Tire & Rubber Company
Women paid less money than men in job
AARP: American Association of Retired Persons
Successfully lobbies congress to consider the rights of older Americans in policy areas such as health, housing, taxes, and transportation
Hardwick v. Georgia
First time gay rights were addressed.
Georgia’s law forbidding homosexual relations was constitutional
Original intent
Intent of the founders
Lawrence v. Texas
Laws against sodomy violate the due process clause of the 14th amendment
Bakke v. California
Questioned the quota practices of the university of California medical school at Davis
Bakke = white … Sued state for reverse discrimination (didn’t get accepted)
Court rules in his favor
United Steelworkers v. Weber
Sued for Reverse discrimination
Court rules that private companies can set their own policies and gov cannot forbid quotas
Richmond v. Croson
City of Richmond : plan to Subcontract 30% of its business to minority companies shut down by court
Coverture
Deprived married women of any identity separate of that of their husbands
