Civil Rights Movement Flashcards
The Murder of Emmett Till
Murdered by two men in August 1955 in Mississippi because he was accused of harassing a white woman. Sparked the Civil Rights movement because he was 14.
Civil Rights was?
Political struggle for social justice in 1950-60s for African Americans to gain equal rights.
Brown v. Board of Education (1954)
Linda Brown’s parents wanted her to go to the nearby white school, but it was segregated. Decided separate was inherently unequal, desegregated all schools nationally.
Montgomery bus boycott (1955)
After Rosa Parks refused to give up her seat to a white man and was arrested, MLK Jr started to boycott where African Americans refused to ride public transportation in the city.
Little Rock nine
Little Rock Nine not allowed in Central High School because of the Southern resistance to integration and the KKK coming back. 1957, Federal troops sent to protect students.
Martin Luther King Jr.
1963- starts the Southern Christian Leaders Conference and joins in the protests. Is arrested, and writes the “Letters from Birmingham Jail” He pushed Kennedy for civil rights laws with nonviolence because then they were under the first Amendment
March on Washington - Aug 28, 1963
200000 people @ Lincoln Memorial, to pressure the civil rights law. The “I Have a Dream” speech to push for equality.
Malcolm X
Studied Nation of Islam, appointed minister and spokesman. Advocated for blacks to free selves in any way necessary, proposed an independent black nation.
Stokely Carmichael - “Black Power”
Faced police violence, black nationalism and self-sufficiency, Black power
Student nonviolent coordinating committee
abandons nonviolence for radical violence, lack power is the rally cry, AAs depend on selves. Greensboro sit-in.
Black Panthers, Oakland CA, 1966
violent revolution, guns to monitor AAs and neighbors for police brutality.
Nation of Islam
Believed in Black Power, self-discipline, reliance, pride
Nonviolence
Boycotts, sit-ins,s marches, freedom rides, voter registration.
Greensboro 1960
Four college students from North Carolina A&T sat at the Greensboro segregated counters, not allowed.
March on Selma Alabama (1965)
PSA for voting rights, “Bloody Sunday” because protesters met with violence crossing the bridge.
Freedom Rides (1961)
Congress of Racial Equality, staged rides through south to challenge interstate bus segregation, Alabama whites firebombed and attacked riders.
Voter Registration
1,000 volunteers in MI register as many AAs to vote, (literacy tests, poll tax, grandpa clause) pressured gov for voting legislation
Freedom Summer 1964
SNCC organized it to aid AAs to vote, three volunteers disappear and their bodies were found weeks later
Civil Rights Act 1964
Outlawed public discrimination based on race/religion/nationality. Gov is able to desegregate schools, under President Johnson
Voting Rights Act 1965
MLK Campaign, met with police violence. Banned literacy tests, federal gov oversees registration and elections in South, 24th Amendment=no poll tax, AAs vote and run for office increase
End of Civil Rights
Kind assassinated in Memphis in 1968, national riots. 1) end segregation 2) Political freedoms 3)Unity of AAs
