Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM


Top Flashcards (Certified)
All Flashcards

history > civil rights and race relations, best > Flashcards

civil rights and race relations, best Flashcards

1
Q

What was the black American population in 1850?

A

In 1850, there were 3.2 million black slaves and approximately 400,000 free black Americans in the USA.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What was the significance of the Kansas Nebraska Act of 1854?

A

The Kansas Nebraska Act opened the possibility of extending slavery westward and established ‘popular sovereignty’ for new states.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

How many black Americans served in the federal army during the Civil War?

A

Approximately 300,000 black Americans served in the federal army.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

z

A
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What were the main reasons for black Americans migrating north and west after the Civil War?

A

Harsh economic conditions and continued racial discrimination pushed black Americans to migrate north and west.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What percentage of black Americans lived in former Confederate states 50 years after the Civil War?

A

89% of black Americans still lived in former Confederate states.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What were popular destinations for black Americans migrating north?

A

Popular destinations included New York, Philadelphia, Detroit, Cleveland, South side of Chicago, and Harlem.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What were some push factors for black Americans migrating north?

A

Lack of job opportunities, racial intimidation by the KKK, and racial segregation in the South.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What was the impact of the Boll Weevil on black American migration?

A

The Boll Weevil caused a destructive effect on the cotton crop, leading to major economic depression and prompting migration.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What was the significance of WWI for black American migration?

A

WWI resulted in labor shortages, offering greater opportunities for black Americans and speeding up migration to the North.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

How many black Americans migrated during the First Great Migration (1910-1930)?

A

1.6 million black Americans left the South-East to live in the North.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What was a major pull factor for black Americans during the economic boom of the 1920s?

A

The development of the car industry increased job opportunities for black Americans in the North and West.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What were some push factors during the Great Depression?

A

The slump in the cotton industry and increased discrimination and violence against black Americans in the South.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What financial improvements occurred during the Second Migration (1940-70)?

A

Wealth and industrial production more than doubled, with gross national product rising from $99.7 billion in 1940 to $211 billion in 1945.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

How many black Americans migrated to the Pacific Coast during the Second Migration?

A

120,000 black Americans migrated to Los Angeles.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What was the trend of black Americans returning to the South from 1965-70?

A

2/3 of black Americans moved south, returning to their area of birth or their parent’s area of birth.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

What were the push factors for migration to the South in the 1970s?

A

Fleeing inner city crime and limited job opportunities; the South offered more job opportunities due to rapid economic growth.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

What was the significance of the mass migration to Harlem from 1905?

A

Black neighborhoods flourished as Black Americans were encouraged to move there, leading to the development of a distinct Black urban culture.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Who was Phillip Payton and what was his role in Harlem’s migration?

A

Phillip Payton bought, leased, and sold empty white-owned properties to Black Americans, facilitating their migration to the North.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

What was the Harlem Renaissance?

A

A cultural movement in the 1920s that developed a distinct Black urban culture through music, poetry, and literature, aiming to improve race relations through art.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

What impact did World War II have on Harlem?

A

The economic fortunes of Harlem declined, leading to overcrowded housing and increased unemployment due to racial discrimination.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

What led to the revitalization of Harlem in the 1960s?

A

An influx of middle-class Black Americans, Hispanics, and Asians, combined with low housing prices and a drop in crime rate.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

What triggered the Chicago Riot of 1919?

A

The death of a Black youth who entered a public beach reserved for white people, leading to a violent response from white individuals.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

What were the consequences of the Chicago Riot?

A

Lasted 5 days, resulting in 38 deaths, 537 injuries, and 1000 Black families left homeless.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
What caused the Tulsa Race Riot of 1921?
A Black man was accused of sexually assaulting a white girl, leading to a violent mob attempting to lynch him.
26
What were the impacts of the Tulsa Race Riot?
200-300 lives lost, 1000 houses burnt down, and significant media coverage that contributed to the formation of the KKK.
27
What sparked the New York Riot of 1664?
The killing of a Black youth by a white police officer.
28
What were the underlying causes of the New York Riot?
Crime, poverty, and urban decay.
29
What triggered the Watts Riot of 1665?
The arrest of Frye on suspicion of drunk driving, leading to violent exchanges.
30
What were the consequences of the Watts Riot?
34 people killed, over $40 million in property damage, and a curfew zone implemented.
31
What caused the Newark Riot of 1967?
The arrest of a Black taxi driver suspected of assaulting a police officer.
32
What were the impacts of the Newark Riot?
26 Black Americans killed, 1000 injured, and police brutality highlighted.
33
What was the trend of white flight in cities?
Increased Black American migration to cities led to white flight, increasing racial discrimination and segregation.
34
What role did restrictive covenants play in housing?
Supported by the FHA, they enforced racial segregation in suburban housing developments.
35
What was the impact of President Truman's Public Housing Act?
Only funded improvements for 320,000 houses, which were cramped and poorly maintained.
36
What were the key legal improvements in the South?
Civil Rights Act 1964, Voting Rights Act 1965, and Housing Act.
37
What was the outcome of Brown vs. Board of Education II?
Demanded speedy integration of schools, but by 1974, only 8% of Black American children attended integrated schools.
38
What is the plot of Uncle Tom's Cabin?
Tom, a religious slave, sacrifices himself to save his family, highlighting the horrors of slavery.
39
How did Uncle Tom's Cabin shape perceptions of slavery?
It emphasized the cruelty of slavery and enhanced opposition, selling 1.5 million copies in Britain within a year.
40
What is the plot of The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn?
Huck's adventures with runaway slave Jim lead him to reject societal racism.
41
How did The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn reflect societal views?
Used irony and satire to critique racism while depicting Jim as a caricature.
42
What is the plot of Gone With the Wind?
Scarlett O'Hara is attacked by a Black man, leading to violent revenge by the KKK.
43
How did Gone With the Wind reflect race relations?
Glorified the KKK and portrayed Black Americans as subservient, reflecting negative race relations of the time.
44
What is the plot of To Kill a Mockingbird?
Atticus Finch defends Black American Tom Robinson, falsely accused of raping a white woman.
45
How does To Kill a Mockingbird reflect changing attitudes?
Depicts the white savior trope, while presenting Black characters as courteous and hard-working.
46
What is the plot of Beloved?
Chronicles the life of Sethe, a Black American slave, examining the legacy of slavery.
47
How does Beloved reflect societal issues?
Addresses police brutality and the violent legacy of slavery, winning the Pulitzer Prize in 1987.
48
What is the plot of The Help?
A white girl writes about the mistreatment of Black maids, facing backlash from white women.
49
How does The Help reflect white attitudes?
Trivializes the lives of Black domestic workers and reflects a distorted view of racial progress.
50
What was the portrayal of Black Americans in early lithographs and paintings?
Heroic depictions alongside portrayals of contentment in servile roles.
51
What was the impact of Birth of a Nation?
Inspired the rebirth of the KKK and led to a deterioration of race relations.
52
What is the plot of In the Heat of the Night?
Black detective Tibbs earns respect from a white detective, challenging racial dominance.
53
How does In the Heat of the Night reflect changing race relations?
Shows Black Americans refusing to be dominated by whites, echoing Civil Rights confrontations.
54
What is the plot of Roots?
Follows a Black American family tree back to Africa, focusing on Kunte Kinte.
55
What was the impact of Roots on television?
Transformed the portrayal of Black Americans, prompting national discussions on race.
56
What is the plot of Mississippi Burning?
Two white FBI agents uncover KKK plots to find justice for the Black community.
57
How does Mississippi Burning attempt to shape perceptions?
Focuses on FBI agents, detracting from the work of Mississippi civil rights movements.
58
What is the plot of Malcolm X?
Follows Malcolm Little's life, conversion to Islam, and role as a civil rights activist.
59
How does Malcolm X shape perceptions of Black identity?
Offers a blueprint for self-invention and engages with contemporary events.
60
What is the plot of The Wire?
Explores different sections of Black American society, including drug wars.
61
How does The Wire attempt to shape perceptions?
Displays the urban Black underclass in detail, but had a smaller audience impact compared to Roots.
62
What were the reasons for the 13th Amendment?
To support Lincoln's Emancipation Proclamation and permanently abolish slavery.
63
What was the importance of the 13th Amendment?
Abolished slavery, created 4 million new freemen, and allowed Black Americans to participate in public life.
64
What was the economic position of ex-slaves after the 13th Amendment?
They were free but lacked education and property, often working for low wages.
65
What was the premise of sharecropping?
Landowners divided plantations into rental farms, with landowners receiving half the crop.
66
What percentage of land was farmed by sharecroppers by 1880?
80% of land was farmed by sharecroppers.
67
What was the time period of Reconstruction?
1865-77
68
What is a vicious cycle in the context of sharecropping?
Sharecroppers had to borrow money at high interest rates to buy equipment, leading to permanent debt.
69
What was the Freedmen's Bureau?
It provided food, housing, medical aid, and settled ex-slaves on confederate lands.
70
Why was the Freedmen's Bureau shut down?
It was shut down in 1872 due to resentment from white southerners.
71
What was the impact of Lincoln's Proclamation of Amnesty and Reconstruction?
It allowed former confederate states to form a state government if 10% of voters from 1860 took an oath of allegiance.
72
What were Black Codes?
Laws that discriminated against ex-slaves, such as prohibiting land ownership and requiring passes.
73
What was the significance of Lincoln's assassination?
Lincoln was assassinated on April 14, 1865, and was replaced by Andrew Johnson.
74
What did President Johnson request from confederate states in 1865?
He requested them to re-establish elected governments.
75
What was the Military Reconstruction Act of 1867?
It divided former confederate states into five military districts and required states to grant voting rights to all adult males.
76
What did the 14th Amendment establish?
It granted equal protection under the law and made ex-slaves official US citizens.
77
What was the Civil Rights Act of 1875?
It supported equality before the law but did not mention public schools.
78
What was the significance of the Ku Klux Klan's formation in 1865?
It aimed to protect the white population and terrorize black voters.
79
What was the impact of the White League?
It was a military arm of the Democrats that undermined Republican control and voting rights.
80
What was the outcome of the Reconstruction era?
It aimed to reunite the nation but ultimately failed due to southern white backlash.
81
What were the Civil Rights Cases of 1883?
They challenged racial discrimination and led to the Supreme Court declaring the Civil Rights Act of 1875 unconstitutional.
82
What was the impact of the Plessy vs Ferguson case in 1896?
It upheld the 'separate but equal' doctrine, supporting legal segregation.
83
What was the Grandfather Clause in Louisiana, 1898?
It exempted men who could vote in 1867 from literacy and property requirements, effectively excluding black voters.
84
How did Southern Democrats influence the New Deal?
They ensured that New Deal programs benefitted white Americans and did not interfere with Jim Crow laws.
85
What was the impact of the Agricultural Adjustment Act on black farmers?
It forced many black tenant farmers and sharecroppers off their land.
86
What was the outcome of the Civilian Conservation Corps for black Americans?
Despite being a significant part of the population, no black Americans were chosen to attend CCC camps in some areas.
87
What was the local petition in Pennsylvania regarding CCC camps?
A local petition was started to cancel a CCC camp due to fears that local white girls might want to go out with young black men.
88
What were the key features of the National Recovery Administration (NRA)?
The NRA aimed to create jobs and raise wages by setting a 40-hour working week, a minimum wage of $13 a week, and prohibiting child labor.
89
What was the impact of the NRA on racial discrimination?
Congress excluded unskilled jobs like cleaners and manual workers from the NRA.
90
What was the role of the US Housing Authority in welfare benefits?
The US Housing Authority introduced racial quotas for construction projects, resulting in Black Americans occupying 1/3 of its housing units by 1940.
91
What did the Works Progress Administration (WPA) achieve?
Between 1936-1940, the WPA provided work for 350,000 Black Americans every year and educational programs taught 250,000 how to read and write.
92
What was the significance of the Farm Security Administration in Alabama?
In 1937, it purchased land worth $122,000 and divided it among the community's black farming population, but it closed down in 1938 due to lack of federal funding.
93
How did Eleanor Roosevelt contribute to civil rights?
She received over 300,000 letters from 1933 onwards, forwarding them to Harry Hopkins, and publicly resigned from the Daughters of the American Revolution after they refused to let Black American Marion Anderson sing.
94
What was the voting pattern of Black Americans before the New Deal?
Black Americans primarily voted for the Republicans due to Lincoln's Emancipation Proclamation and the 14th and 15th Amendments.
95
What was the first sign of Black Americans switching to the Democratic Party?
In 1934, Arthur Mitchell became the first black Democrat elected to Congress.
96
What was the major breakthrough in the 1936 Presidential elections?
Many Black Americans voted for FDR due to his New Deal relief programs, despite the presence of Southern white Democrats.
97
What was the outcome of Brown Vs Board of Education?
In 1954, it overturned Plessy Vs Ferguson with a unanimous 9-0 decision.
98
What did Brown II demand?
It demanded speedy integration of public schools in 1955.
99
What was the significance of Bowder Vs Gayle?
In 1956, it overturned legal segregation of public transport.
100
What was the impact of the Montgomery Bus Boycott?
Rosa Parks was chosen by NAACP to test racial segregation on buses, leading to mass sympathy across the country and the end of segregation.
101
What was the role of the Southern Christian Leadership Conference (SCLC)?
The SCLC aimed for Black Americans to participate in bringing change through non-violent protests.
102
What was the impact of MLK's 'I have a dream' speech?
It prompted Kennedy to announce the introduction of the Civil Rights Bill and earned MLK the Nobel Peace Prize.
103
What was the purpose of the Student Non-Violent Coordinating Committee (SNCC)?
The SNCC organized lunch counter demonstrations that led to widespread publicity and desegregation of lunch counters.
104
What was the role of the Congress of Racial Equality (CORE) during the Freedom Rides?
CORE tested bus segregation laws, leading to federal enforcement of racial integration after a bus was attacked by a white mob.
105
What were the main provisions of the Civil Rights Act of 1964?
It outlawed racial segregation in public facilities, federal government facilities, and forbade discrimination in employment based on race, color, religion, and sex.
106
What was the Voting Rights Act of 1965 aimed at?
It aimed to eliminate voting discrimination, resulting in a significant increase in Black voters.
107
What was the impact of the Civil Rights Act of 1968?
It outlawed discrimination in housing and jury selection, with a significant increase in Black Americans living in cities.
108
What was President Johnson's impact on civil rights?
He enforced the Civil Rights Act and ordered protection for marchers, advocating for voting rights for all Americans.
109
What internal divisions existed within the Black American community?
SNCC members resented white involvement and shifted towards radicalism, while CORE focused on black unemployment and police brutality.
110
What was Malcolm X's role in the Civil Rights movement?
He preached violent campaigns and emphasized black nationalism, becoming a prominent figure until his assassination.
111
What were the aims of the Black Panther Party?
They aimed for grassroots political change, providing free meals and medical care, and advocating for self-defense against police brutality.
112
What were the challenges faced by MLK in the late 1960s?
He faced criticism for his Chicago campaign and lost influence over the president due to his stance on the Vietnam War.
113
What was the outcome of the Poor People's Campaign?
It aimed to unite all races of the poor but ended in chaos, and MLK was assassinated shortly after.
114
What was Obama's early career before his presidency?
He served as an Illinois state senator and passed legislation for health care and education programs for the poor.
115
What was Obama's success in the 2004 Senate election?
He won the Democratic primary with 53% of the vote and later secured a seat in the US Senate.
116
What were the advantages Obama had in the 2004 Senate election?
He won 52.77% of the vote against Jack Ryan, benefiting from media support and a controversial opponent.

history (5 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions