Civil Rights After WW2 Flashcards
Committee on Civil Rights
1946 executive order to end discrimination, ineffective
Brown v. Board of Education (1954)
unanimous vote to overturn Plessy, separate is not the same as equal, desegregated schools
Southern Manifesto
opposed racial integration, signed by southern Congressmen
Little Rock Nine
African Americans attending the previously all-white Little Rock High School, Arkansas governor used the national Guard to prevent them from entering, Eisenhower protected the students with federal troops
Montgomery Bus Boycott
sparked by Rosa Parks’ resistance, inspired the Supreme Court as well as other civil rights movements
Southern Christian Leadership Conference (SCLC)
founded in 1957 by MLK, organized churches and ministers behind the civil rights movement
Student Nonviolent Coordinating Committee (SNCC)
promoted voting rights and the end of segregation
“Letter From Birmingham Jail” (1963)
MLK arrested for an “illegal march”; wrote the letter to justify his campaign and his method of direct action
March on Washington (1963)
peaceful demonstration led by MLK, “I Have a Dream” speech
Civil Rights Act (1964)
ended segregation in public facilities; set up Equal Employment Opportunity Commission to end discrimination in employment
24th Amendment (1964)
anti-poll tax
Voting Rights Act (1965)
ended literacy tests, passed after the March to Montgomery
Black Muslims
led by Elijah Muhammad, preached Black nationalism and separatism
Malcolm X
critic of MLK, violent but non-confrontational, wanted immediate change
MLK
gradual change, nonviolent but confrontational
Black Panthers
violent and confrontational, advocated self-rule for African Americans
Watts Riot
an African American was arrested in the neighborhood of Watts in Los Angeles, sparked a riot
Kerner Commission
investigated riots, concluded that racism and segregation were the main causes of them
Feminine Mystique (1963)
writing by Betty Friedan, encouraged middle-class women to seek fulfillment with professional careers
National Organization for Women (NOW)
intended to secure equal treatment of women (particularly in the workforce)
Equal Pay Act (1963)
prohibit discrimination in the payment of wages
Title IX (1972)
ended discrimination on the basis of gender in schools with federal funding, required equal athletic opportunities
Equal Rights Amendment (ERA)
proposed Constitutional amendment saying that equal rights cannot be denied based on gender
Cesar Chavez
agricultural labor leader and civil rights activist, helped found the United Farm Workers Association
