Civil Rights After WW2

Question 1

Committee on Civil Rights

Answer 1

1946 executive order to end discrimination, ineffective

Question 2

Brown v. Board of Education (1954)

Answer 2

unanimous vote to overturn Plessy, separate is not the same as equal, desegregated schools

Question 3

Southern Manifesto

Answer 3

opposed racial integration, signed by southern Congressmen

Question 4

Little Rock Nine

Answer 4

African Americans attending the previously all-white Little Rock High School, Arkansas governor used the national Guard to prevent them from entering, Eisenhower protected the students with federal troops

Question 5

Montgomery Bus Boycott

Answer 5

sparked by Rosa Parks’ resistance, inspired the Supreme Court as well as other civil rights movements

Question 6

Southern Christian Leadership Conference (SCLC)

Answer 6

founded in 1957 by MLK, organized churches and ministers behind the civil rights movement

Question 7

Student Nonviolent Coordinating Committee (SNCC)

Answer 7

promoted voting rights and the end of segregation

Question 8

“Letter From Birmingham Jail” (1963)

Answer 8

MLK arrested for an “illegal march”; wrote the letter to justify his campaign and his method of direct action

Question 9

March on Washington (1963)

Answer 9

peaceful demonstration led by MLK, “I Have a Dream” speech

Question 10

Civil Rights Act (1964)

Answer 10

ended segregation in public facilities; set up Equal Employment Opportunity Commission to end discrimination in employment

Question 11

24th Amendment (1964)

Answer 11

anti-poll tax

Question 12

Voting Rights Act (1965)

Answer 12

ended literacy tests, passed after the March to Montgomery

Question 13

Black Muslims

Answer 13

led by Elijah Muhammad, preached Black nationalism and separatism

Question 14

Malcolm X

Answer 14

critic of MLK, violent but non-confrontational, wanted immediate change

Question 15

MLK

Answer 15

gradual change, nonviolent but confrontational

Question 16

Black Panthers

Answer 16

violent and confrontational, advocated self-rule for African Americans

Question 17

Watts Riot

Answer 17

an African American was arrested in the neighborhood of Watts in Los Angeles, sparked a riot

Question 18

Kerner Commission

Answer 18

investigated riots, concluded that racism and segregation were the main causes of them

Question 19

Feminine Mystique (1963)

Answer 19

writing by Betty Friedan, encouraged middle-class women to seek fulfillment with professional careers

Question 20

National Organization for Women (NOW)

Answer 20

intended to secure equal treatment of women (particularly in the workforce)

Question 21

Equal Pay Act (1963)

Answer 21

prohibit discrimination in the payment of wages

Question 22

Title IX (1972)

Answer 22

ended discrimination on the basis of gender in schools with federal funding, required equal athletic opportunities

Question 23

Equal Rights Amendment (ERA)

Answer 23

proposed Constitutional amendment saying that equal rights cannot be denied based on gender

Question 24

Cesar Chavez

Answer 24

agricultural labor leader and civil rights activist, helped found the United Farm Workers Association

Question 25

Indian Self-Determination Act (1975)

Answer 25

gave reservations and tribal lands greater control over internal programs, education, and law enforcement

Question 26

“don’t ask, don’t tell”

Answer 26

compromise by Clinton, the military will not ask the sexual identity of enlistees but they could still expel people for homosexuality

Question 27

Mapp v. Ohio (1961)

Answer 27

illegally seized evidence cannot be used in court

Question 28

Gideon v. Wainwright (1963)

Answer 28

state courts must provide an attorney

Question 29

Escobedo v. Illinois (1964)

Answer 29

allowed suspects a lawyer during police questioning

Question 30

Miranda v. Arizona (1966)

Answer 30

police must inform an arrested person of their rights

Question 31

Baker v. Carr (1962)

Answer 31

it is unconstitutional to not have equal representation in voting districts, “one man, one vote”

Question 32

Yates v. US (1957)

Answer 32

the First Amendment protects radical speech

Question 33

Engel v. Vitale (1962)

Answer 33

required prayer in schools is unconstitutional

Question 34

Griswold v. Connecticut (1965)

Answer 34

a state could not prohibit use of contraceptives by adults