Civil Rights

Question 1

When were Aboriginals and Torres Strait Islanders given the right to vote?

Answer 1

In 1962.

Question 2

When were Indigenous Australians given equal pay to non-Indigenous Australians?

Answer 2

1968.

Question 3

When did the Wave Hill Walk-Off take place and what was its purpose?

Answer 3

23rd August 1966. Highlighted the entrenched discrimination that existed in Australian society and aimed to give Aboriginals their traditional land rights and enforce equal pay.

Question 4

Who lead the Wave Hill Walk-Off?

Answer 4

Vincent Lingiari.

Question 5

In what year did the Wave Hill Walk-Off end?

Answer 5

1973

Question 6

What happened in 1975?

Answer 6

Prime Minister Gough Whitlam poured earth into Vincent Lingiari’s hand and handed over 3300 square kilometres of land to the Gurindji people.

Question 7

What did the ‘Aboriginal Land Rights (Northern Territory) Act 1976’ grant Aboriginals?

Answer 7

Title to some of their traditional land.

Question 8

In what year did the Australian Freedom Riders tour New South Wales?

Answer 8

1965

Question 9

Who lead the Freedom Riders?

Answer 9

Charles Perkins.

Question 10

What was the purpose of the Freedom Riders?

Answer 10

To highlight the racist and discriminatory actions towards Aboriginals to the majority of Australia, many of whom were unaware of the extend of it.

Question 11

In what year was the referendum held to allow Aboriginal people to be counted in the census?

Answer 11

1967

Question 12

How many Aboriginal people voted in the referendum?

Answer 12

8000-10000

Question 13

What was the Brown vs Board of Education case in America?

Answer 13

Occurred in 1954. A Supreme Court Ruling stating that segregation in schools was unconstitutional in US law - meaning that it was illegal in America.

Question 14

What happened to Emmet Till?

Answer 14

In August 1955, he was a schoolboy who was brutally beaten and then shot after being accused of flirting with a white woman. The white men accused of his murder were found not guilty on a trial before an all-white jury.

Question 15

Why was the death of Emmet Till so significant?

Answer 15

It gained momentum in terms of the civil rights movement. Because of this, the 1975 Civil Rights Act was generated.

Question 16

Who was Rosa Parks?

Answer 16

A woman who was arrested after she refused to give up her seat at the front of a bus for a white woman. She inspired African American people to stand up for themselves in buses, leading to the US Supreme Court to stop segregating buses.

Question 17

What was the school that nine African American students tried to enrol in but were denied, despite the ban on segregation in schools?

Answer 17

The all-white Little Rock Central High School in the state of Arkansas.

Question 18

What did US Freedom Riders do?

Answer 18

Sat in buses and ride around, black and white people side-by-side. They had at least one black person sit in the front - an area previously reserved for white people. They ate in restaurants together an ignored segregation signs at drink fountains and toilets.

Question 19

When was Dr Martin Luther King’s ‘I Have a Dream’ speech?

Answer 19

March 1963.

Question 20

In what year was it first recognised that Aboriginal people should be given recognition to native title of the land?

Answer 20

1840.

Question 21

When was the Whitlam Government elected and what did this mean for Aboriginals?

Answer 21

1972. It announced a self-determination policy as the framework for the Aboriginal Affairs policy -> stated that Aboriginals were the best people to decide what happened to them and their land.

Question 22

When and where was the Aboriginal Tent Embassy established, and what was it?

Answer 22

1972 on the lawn in front of the Australian Parliament. It was a group of civil rights activists that wanted to show how slow the progress on Aboriginal Rights was and keep it in the public eye.

Question 23

What were the practical demands of the Aboriginal Tent Embassy leaders?

Answer 23

Legal and title rights to land currently being mined.
The preservation of all sacred sites.
Compensation for land non-returnable ($6 billion down payment plus annual percentage of gross national income)

Question 24

Talk about the Mabo decision (see workbook).

Answer 24

See workbook.

Question 25

What was the Wik decision?

Answer 25

The Wik people of Cape York argued that native title child exist alongside pastoral lease (allow public land to be used by farmers and graziers). Eventually their case was accepted, but the Wik people were warned that the opinions/rights of non-Indigenous people would be considered before theirs. Eventually this made non-Indigenous people angry, so they introduced a Native Title Amendment Bill in 1997. This effectively abolished native title (took away Aboriginal land rights).

Question 26

What does ATSIC stand for?

Answer 26

Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Commission.

Question 27

When was ATSIC established? What did it do?

Answer 27

March 1990. Allowed Indigenous peoples to b formally involved in government processes.
To ensure maximum participation of Aboriginals and Torres Strait Islander people in government policy formulation and implementation.
To promote Indigenous self-management and self-sufficiency.
To further Indigenous economic, social, and cultural development.
To ensure coordination of Commonwealth, state, territory, and local government policy affecting Indigenous people.

Question 28

State and explain the democratic values.

Answer 28

Respect: treating others with consideration and valuing their views, beliefs, and rights.
Equality: rights and privileges for all, without discrimination based on gender, race, religion, age, sexual orientation, or level of education. All citizens have the right to the same opportunities.
Fairness: all people are treated fairly and are given equal opportunity.
Freedom: rights, privileges, responsibilities for all without interference or control from other citizens or government.

Question 29

Explain the Westminster system.

Answer 29

A two chamber parliament that is elected by the people to make laws on their behalf. A sovereign (King or Queen or Governor-General) to act as head of state. They give final approval of all decisions.

Question 30

What are the three main powers at a deferral level?

Answer 30

• Executive power: power to administer or implement a law, held by the governor-general, Prime Minister and senior ministers.
• Legislative power: power to make the law, held by parliament.
• Judicial power: power to apply and interpret the law, held by the courts to settle disputes.

Question 31

What are the principles of Australia’s government?

Answer 31

1) Governments must protect the rights and freedoms of individuals: Australia is a democracy, meaning that it is a system aiming to give people a say in the laws they must obey and ensure the government doesn’t have too much control over the people.
2) Governments must make laws that reflect the views and values of the people: Australia is a representative government, meaning that people vote for who they want in government as they reflect their personal views. This is achieved by holding regular free and fair elections.
3) Governments must be accountable to the people: this means that governments must be able to justify their actions to the voters. This is done through things such as preliminary question time, in which people are given the opportunity to ask e members of parliament any questions on their policies and actions.
4) There must be a separation of powers: a Bill must pass through the three levels of government until it can b made into a law. This ensures thy the government does not have total control over a country and its people.

Question 32

What were the reasons for establishing the constitution?

Answer 32

To increase economic growth.
To improve national defence.
To enhance national identity.

Question 33

Read pages 469-473. Didn’t take notes. Too tired.

Answer 33

Read book.