Civil Rights Flashcards
Who were they?
Where did they have control over?
What does KKK stand for?
Methods?
How did they spread fear and intimidation?
WASPS who hated black people
The southern states in America
The Ku Klux Klan
Feathering, lynching/hangings, flogging, rape, castration, kidnapping, death etc
Burning of crosses, random marched through streets, raids and riots, white ghost like outfits to disguise their identify
The Jim Crow Laws
Purpose?
Examples?
When?
To segregate blacks and whites keeping them within a weak position of society
Everything- marriage, parks, school, cinema, restaurants, drinking fountain, travel/transport etc
Late 19th century, worsened by 1896
WASPS
What do the letters stand for?
Who were they?
When were of influence?
Extra?
White Anglo Saxon Protestant
Group of “old immigrants” who came from North West Europe
Held most of the power and political influence➡️ 19th century
They were the wealthiest disliking the amount of immigrants coming from Eastern and Southern Europe
New Immigrants
When?
Where?
Why were they a problem?
The end of the 19th century and start of the 20th
Eastern and Southern Europe➡️ Italy, Poland and Russia
Kept their old identify refusing to adopt the ‘American’ way of life
WASPS felt threatened➡️ feared they would ruin the ‘American’ way of life
Brown vs Topeka
When?
What happened?
Who?
1954
Daughter was denied attendance at a nearby white school.
Oliver went to court with the NAACP in order to change segregated education
The 1896 Supreme Court decision; “separate but equal” was overturned
This was the first step towards civil rights movement
Olivier Brown and the NAACP vs the Topeka Board of Education
The Montgomery Bus Boycott
When?
Who?
What happened?
What did this prove/show?
December 1955➡️ lasted a whole year
Rosa Parks, NAACP and the black community➡️ Martin Luther King
R.P refused to give up her seat to a white man➡️arrested and this sparked protests breaking out
She was defended legally but the NAACP
Black citizens refused to use the buses and began walking everywhere. Many formed their own taxi companies for only black people
Eventually transport was de-segregated but the rest of Montgomery remained segregated
Everything that could be done using non-violent protest
Success of organised protest
How black Americans had considerable economic influence
Little Rock High School
When?
Why?
Who?
What happened?
Why did this have an effect?
1957
Many Southern states tried to ignore the ended segregation ruling
President Eisenhower, Arkansas, the government, state troops
The federal government orders that 9 black students be admitted
Important➡️ directly involved in a civil rights issue
Protesters tried to stop this but the president sent in 1000 troops to protect the students
The pictures of America and its racist actions were sent to hikes all over the country and on tv
Martin Luther King ( MLK )
Beliefs?
Why?
Extra?
Non-violent protest, civil disobedience, preached to ‘love your enemies’
He became a leading figure after his successful role during the Montgomery Bus Boycott
In 1957 he helped create the Southern Christian Leadership Conference ( SCLC )
Sit Ins
When?
Aims?
Who?
What?
February 1960
De-segregate lunch counters in the Southern States
Students
Student Non-Violent Working Committee ( SNCC )
Students both black and white would sit at lunch counters reserved for whites only
Freedom Rides
When?
Who?
Aims?
Where?
What?
Dangers?
Effect?
May 1961
Congress of Racial Equality (CORE )
Test how much de-segregation had been upheld in public transport/facilities
Interstate highways
Protestors sat blacks and whites together and used both bathrooms
Attacking, slashed tires and firebombing
1961➡️ government ordered an end to ALL segregation in airports, rail and bus stations
March on Washington
When?
Who?
Extra?
August 1963
Over 200,000 blacks and whites & MLK
Gained publicity due to being the largest civil rights demo
MLK delivered his “I have a dream” speech”
