civil rights 2.4: the civil rights movement 1965-75 Flashcards
when were the watts riots in los angeles
august 1965
what happened at the watts riots
police brutality and violence whilst arresting young black man
how many were killed at the watts riots
34
4,000 arrested
what were the problems for black americans in the north
police discrimination
discrimination from city officials
unemployment and poverty
poor quality housing
lack of funding for schools in black communities
how many major riots took place between 1964-68
329 across 257 cities
how many were killed in riots that took place between 1964-68
220
how many were arrested in riots that took place between 1964-68
52,000
what was the kerner report
report by johnson emphasised the social and economic deprivation of black ghettos leading to violence and riots
when was the kerner report
july 1967\
what was recommended to do in the kerner report
- White officials needed to involve black communities in decisions and listen to their issues
- Policing should be changed to stop police violence and support the community
- Federal money should be spent on improving conditions not on police training which just gave them more weapons to deal with riots in a violent manner
which city did mlk focus his campaign in the north in
chicago
who was the mayor of chicago in the 1960s
richard daley
what did the mayor of chicago (daley) do that led to major riots
in 1966,
daley turned of water supplies that were used to cool down ghettos during heatwave
what were kings problems in chicago
- many of chicago’s black politicians were against the campaign.
- The SCLC struggled to connect with the ghetto gangs in chicago as church not as big
- Riots broke out before the marches began, and King’s appeals for calm were ignored.
- bad publicity
how did mlk and the sclc campaign in chicago
operation breadbasket: jesse jacksons boycott of white businesses
helping tenants fight segregated housing
organised marches in city
what was the outcome of mlks campaign in chicago
daley agreed to provide fairer houses for black residents
he did not honour this agreement once the sclc had left
why was chicago a failure
- 10x bigger than southern cities
- church attendance lower so mlk had less reach
- changes to the law meant that is was more expensive to solve problems in north
where and when was martin luther king assassinated
memphis, april 1968
what were the consequences of mlks assassination
- riots across 29 states and 172 cities
- 2 black people died
- 27,000 were arrested
-there was $45 million costs in damage - lost the civil rights movement some white support
- sped up passing of the civil rights act 1968
what did the 1968 civil rights act achieve
The 1968 Civil Rights Act made housing practices fairer and protected civil rights activists but increased the punishment for rioting
what did nixon do for civil rights
- tax-cuts for white owned businesses that set up in black neighbourhoods
- pressed for affirmative action (hiring black people over white people(diversity hires))
- made sure there were more black officials in gov eg: James Farmer (core official)
how had integration progressed by 1974
only 8% of black children in the south attended segregated schools
what did the voting act 1970 achieve
the Voting Rights Act 1970 banned state literacy tests
