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usa: civil rights > civil rights 2.2: peaceful protests and their impacts > Flashcards

civil rights 2.2: peaceful protests and their impacts Flashcards

1
Q

who organised march in birmingham

A

mlk and the sclc

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2
Q

when was birmingham

A

1963

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3
Q

which city did mlk describe as the ‘most segregated city in the united states

A

birmingham, alabama

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4
Q

who was the chief of police in birmingham

A

eugene ‘bull’ connor

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5
Q

what did mlk want to happen in birmingham

A

for bull connor to use violence (as he did towards the freedom riders) against the non-violent protestors to gain sympathy and media attention

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6
Q

what non-violent protest were used in birmingham

A
  • sit-ins
  • meetings
  • protest marches
  • boycotts
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7
Q

how many children were arrested for joining the marches

A

900

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8
Q

what did connor order police to do to try and get rid of the protestors

A

set huge water cannons and dogs on the protestors

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9
Q

how did wider us react to the violence in birmingham

A

shocked and sympathised with protestors

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10
Q

what were the achievements at birmingham

A
  • desegregation of department stores
  • media coverage of police violence
  • kennedy forced to back desegregation bill
  • 143 cities to desegregate
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11
Q

what was the significance of birmingham

A
  • ussr showed news coverage - embarrassing!
  • won lots of white support
  • opponents to civil rights less willing to use violence
  • white violence increase - KKK bombed a black church killing 4 black girls
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12
Q

when was the march on washington for jobs and freedom

A

1963

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13
Q

who arranged the march on washington

A

SCLC, SNCC, CORE, NAACP

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14
Q

what did the march on washington commemorate

A

100 years since the end of slavery
to persuade JFK to pass a civil rights act

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15
Q

how many people attended the march on washington

A

250,000

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16
Q

what famous speech was made at the march of washington

A

‘i have a dream’ speech by martin luthor king

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17
Q

what were the achievements of washington

A
  • event seen as success
  • large crowd
  • king as final speaker gave iconic speech
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18
Q

what was the significance of washington

A
  • march showed unity of civil rights movement in its call for desegregation
  • positive media attention ensured white support (50,000) marchers were white
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19
Q

what were freedom schools

A

pop-up schools for black school children to address racial inequalities

20
Q

who ran freedom schools

A

volunteers (including 1000 white college students)

21
Q

how did the KKK react to freedom schools

A

burned crosses, churches and homes
attacked volunteers

22
Q

when was freedom summer

A

summer 1964

23
Q

where was freedom summer

A

mississippi

24
Q

what was the aim of freedom summer

A

arranged by CORE, NAACP + SNCC
aimed to better voting rights in mississippi

25
Q

what happened during the summer

A

3 students were killed by the KKK following a tipoff from the police
by late ‘69 over 70,000 students took part

26
Q

what were the achievements of freedom summer

A
  • johnson proposed legislation to remove right of states to impose voting restrictions
  • opposed in deep south but won
  • empowered government to register those denied vote on state lists
27
Q

how did presidents kennedy and johnson support civil rights

A
  • appointed black americans to high-level government jobs
  • backed the civil rights bill
  • sent in federal troops to enforce desegregation
28
Q

what programs did johnson run

A

‘great society program’

29
Q

what did johnsons great society program aim to do

A

ending poverty and racial injustice

30
Q

when was the civil rights act signed

A

1964

31
Q

what did the civil rights act 1964 achieve

A
  • banned segregation of public spaces and facilities
  • outlawed racial discrimination in employment
  • set up new organisation to enforce desegregation
32
Q

what were limitations of the 1964 civil rights act

A
  • did not address black voting rights in south
  • did not address causes of poverty for black americans
  • 4 yrs later, 58% of black children were in segregated schools
33
Q

what % of selmas population were black in 1964

A

50%

34
Q

what % of selmas black population were allowed to vote

A

1%at

35
Q

when were the selma marches

A

1965
march from selma to montgomery alabama

36
Q

why did the selma marches take place

A

to dramatize the need for federal registration law for voters

37
Q

what was the name of selmas hardliner police chief

A

jim clark

38
Q

what was the march on selma known as

A

bloody sunday

39
Q

what happened during bloody sunday

A

marchers attacked with tear gas and clubs
forced back to selma

40
Q

how did johnson intervene on bloody sunday

A

ordered state national guard to escort marchers from selma to montgomery

41
Q

how many people attended the next march on 21-24 march

A

led by mlk
25,000

42
Q

what were the achievements at selma

A
  • august 1965 voting rights act
  • legislation empowered national government to register those who the states refused to put on the voting list
43
Q

when was the voting rights act passed

A

1965

44
Q

what did the voting act achieve

A
  • outlawed literacy tests
  • set up body to monitor voting registration
45
Q

how many of the us southern staters had less than half their black population registered to vote by 1966

A

4/13

usa: civil rights (8 decks)

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