Civil Rights 1955-80

Question 1

When was Rosa Parks arrested for sitting at the front of the bus

Answer 1

First of December 1955

Question 2

What was the MIA and when was it formed

Answer 2

The Montgomery improvement Association was formed on the 2nd of December 1955

Question 3

Who was the leader of the MIA and what did they organise

Answer 3

Martin Luther King Jr and they organised a boycott of the buses in Montgomery

Question 4

When did the boycott begin and how long did it last

Answer 4

It began on the 5th of December 1955 and lasted 380 days

Question 5

What percentage of bus users in Montgomery were black and what percentage of them participated in the boycott

Answer 5

75% of bus users were black 90% of these stayed away from buses

Question 6

What was King cautious of that helped increase his support

Answer 6

King was careful to follow the rules of non-violent protest and kept the media well-informed even when his and the homes of others were firebombed.

Question 7

How did the boycott end

Answer 7

On 13th of November 1956 the Supreme Court ruled by segregation was unconstitutional black people could begin Friday buses again

Question 8

What was the SCLC and who set it up and when

Answer 8

The southern Christian leadership conference was set up by Martin Luther King in 1957

Question 9

When was little rock Arkansas

Answer 9

1957

Question 10

Who was the racist governor of Arkansas

Answer 10

Orval Faubus

Question 11

In 1957 how many black students were selected to attend the previously or white central high school

Answer 11

Nine students

Question 12

What happened on the 4th of September on the first day of school

Answer 12

4% of state National Guard to stop the children going in eight of the children with the NAACP so got the message but the ninth girl Elizabeth Exford didn’t get the message and went on her own

Question 13

What happened to Elizabeth eckford when she got to school

Answer 13

The National Guard turned her away and the media was filled with images of well-dressed young girls surrounded by a mob of white people shouting and screaming at her

Question 14

What happened in Little Rock in the end

Answer 14

King managed to get a meeting with Eisenhower in which he pointed out the political damage this was doing and Eisenhower reluctantly sent in federal troops to guide the children going to and from school however they still faced years of Taunt and violence

Question 15

When was the Greensboro sit-in

Answer 15

February 1960

Question 16

What happened during the Greensboro sit in

Answer 16

For black students went into Greensborough Department store bought some supplies went to the segregated lunch counter and wait to be served they kept waiting until the store was short and returned every day with more students waiting to be served. White youths came to heckle them and the media was filled with images of Campbell dress black students patiently waiting to be served by younger people yelled at them.

Question 17

What was the SNCC and when was it set up

Answer 17

The student non-violent coordinating committee was set up in North Carolina in April 1960

Question 18

What was the SNCC and what did they believe

Answer 18

It was a racially integrated organisation of young people that believed in non-violent direct action and who students all took training on how to cope with abuse and violence

Question 19

How did the SNCC further kings ideas

Answer 19

As they took nonviolent protest to places there was likely to be violence

Question 20

When will the freedom rides and what two groups carried them out

Answer 20

1961 and they were carried out by core and SNCC

Question 21

What were the freedom rides

Answer 21

People rode the buses throughout the south to test whether the bus restroom facilities had been desegregated as they should after the 1961 Supreme Court ruling. They wanted legislation to be enforced not just passed

Question 22

What happened to the freedom riders

Answer 22

The first two buses were attacked and the passengers beaten up and Anniston Alabama one of the buses was firebombed. The media was filled with images showing a shocking level of violence

Question 23

When was Birmingham and who led the push to desegregate the whole town

Answer 23

1963 and king and the SCLC

Question 24

When did the Birmingham campaign begin and what did they do at first

Answer 24

Are we going on the 3rd of April 1963 and the protesters leafleted making specific reference to the American dream

Question 25

What was Kings main tactic which caused the most shocking media

Answer 25

He used children who were trained in protest and when they marched the racist chief of police Bill Connor ordered his men to use high-pressure firehoses on them. Shocking pictures went worldwide

Question 26

How’s the situation in Birmingham calmed

Answer 26

President Kennedy saw the pictures and sent in federal troops to restore all calm.

Question 27

What were the main consequences of the campaign in Birmingham

Answer 27

Birmingham was desegregated and was a significant factor in Kennedys pressing forward and civil rights legislation as there was a poll after Birmingham showing that 42% of people thought Race was the USA is most pressing problem.

Question 28

When was freedom summer

Answer 28

1964

Question 29

What happened during freedom summer 1964

Answer 29

The SNCC decided to push for voter registration sunny 45 volunteers mostly young and white to Mississippi. The volunteers teamed up with local organisation most of whom are black. Three of the volunteers went missing and we found that six week later by the end of the summer there been three more murders.

Question 30

What was the consequence of freedom summer.

Answer 30

That year 17,000 black people tried to register to vote

Question 31

Who were stokely Carmichael

Answer 31

The leader of the SNCC

Question 32

1965 what did Stokely Carmichael set up and why

Answer 32

He set up the loudness county freedom organisation in response to black feeling that even if they had the votes why would they vote for white Southerners.

Question 33

What was the slogan of the loudness County freedom organisation

Answer 33

Vote for the panther then go home

Question 34

What did Carmichael suggest should be the new cry of the civil rights movement

Answer 34

Black power

Question 35

When will the black panther set up and what did they do

Answer 35

Set up in 1966 and worked in black communities keeping order but also organising community projects such as free breakfasts for schoolchildren

Question 36

What are the long-term consequences of the ideas behind black power

Answer 36

It radicalised many of the longest Ablish civil rights groups even the NAACP

Question 37

In 1964 why did riots broke out in New York Chicago in Philadelphia

Answer 37

In response to an instance of Police brutality but with the long-term problems of city life for blacks is the root cause

Question 38

Why did the riots in 1964 lead to a decrease in sympathy with the civil rights movement

Answer 38

Because the previous image of non-violent black people being assaulted by white people was now replaced by the image of burning cities and black people holding petrol bombs

Question 39

What was one advantage and disadvantage of the riots in 1964

Answer 39

They help house and civil rights legislation However they brought with them a white backlash

Question 40

When and what was the northern crusade

Answer 40

In 1964 King began to focus on the north visiting badly provided an overcrowded black ghettos. He announced a northern crusade to improve slums by setting up tenant union is improving working conditions and teaching young people about number silent protest.

Question 41

Why was the northern crusade considered a failure

Answer 41

Because it brought no permanent change

Question 42

When and where was King assassinated

Answer 42

In Memphis on the 4th of April 1968

Question 43

When and what was the Civil Rights act

Answer 43

29th of August 1957 and it set up a civil rights commission and gave the federal justice department more rights to supervise voter registration.

Question 44

When was the voting rights act passed and what did it do

Answer 44

Sixth of August 1965 and it banned any attempts to stop people voting because of their race.

Question 45

What was set up to enforce the ban on discriminating of sex or race when hiring firing or promoting.

Answer 45

The equal opportunities commission

Question 46

What were the main achievements of civil rights legislation

Answer 46

Black American upper middle class was starting to develop. Black people featured more in the media. There was a significant number of black politicians at local, state and federal level. Black Americans voted more, by 19 8060% of black Americans voted.

Question 47

Why was the success of civil rights legislation Limited

Answer 47

Many people now thought the issue was civil rights have been dealt with. The war in Vietnam and that people becoming distracted from civil rights. Poor living conditions continue to affect every aspect of black Americans life. Affirmative action orders resulted in a minority “a way of thinking I meant many black professionals didn’t think they earned what they got