Civil Rights 1955-80 Flashcards
When was Rosa Parks arrested for sitting at the front of the bus
First of December 1955
What was the MIA and when was it formed
The Montgomery improvement Association was formed on the 2nd of December 1955
Who was the leader of the MIA and what did they organise
Martin Luther King Jr and they organised a boycott of the buses in Montgomery
When did the boycott begin and how long did it last
It began on the 5th of December 1955 and lasted 380 days
What percentage of bus users in Montgomery were black and what percentage of them participated in the boycott
75% of bus users were black 90% of these stayed away from buses
What was King cautious of that helped increase his support
King was careful to follow the rules of non-violent protest and kept the media well-informed even when his and the homes of others were firebombed.
How did the boycott end
On 13th of November 1956 the Supreme Court ruled by segregation was unconstitutional black people could begin Friday buses again
What was the SCLC and who set it up and when
The southern Christian leadership conference was set up by Martin Luther King in 1957
When was little rock Arkansas
1957
Who was the racist governor of Arkansas
Orval Faubus
In 1957 how many black students were selected to attend the previously or white central high school
Nine students
What happened on the 4th of September on the first day of school
4% of state National Guard to stop the children going in eight of the children with the NAACP so got the message but the ninth girl Elizabeth Exford didn’t get the message and went on her own
What happened to Elizabeth eckford when she got to school
The National Guard turned her away and the media was filled with images of well-dressed young girls surrounded by a mob of white people shouting and screaming at her
What happened in Little Rock in the end
King managed to get a meeting with Eisenhower in which he pointed out the political damage this was doing and Eisenhower reluctantly sent in federal troops to guide the children going to and from school however they still faced years of Taunt and violence
When was the Greensboro sit-in
February 1960
What happened during the Greensboro sit in
For black students went into Greensborough Department store bought some supplies went to the segregated lunch counter and wait to be served they kept waiting until the store was short and returned every day with more students waiting to be served. White youths came to heckle them and the media was filled with images of Campbell dress black students patiently waiting to be served by younger people yelled at them.
What was the SNCC and when was it set up
The student non-violent coordinating committee was set up in North Carolina in April 1960
What was the SNCC and what did they believe
It was a racially integrated organisation of young people that believed in non-violent direct action and who students all took training on how to cope with abuse and violence
How did the SNCC further kings ideas
As they took nonviolent protest to places there was likely to be violence
When will the freedom rides and what two groups carried them out
1961 and they were carried out by core and SNCC
What were the freedom rides
People rode the buses throughout the south to test whether the bus restroom facilities had been desegregated as they should after the 1961 Supreme Court ruling. They wanted legislation to be enforced not just passed
What happened to the freedom riders
The first two buses were attacked and the passengers beaten up and Anniston Alabama one of the buses was firebombed. The media was filled with images showing a shocking level of violence
When was Birmingham and who led the push to desegregate the whole town
1963 and king and the SCLC
When did the Birmingham campaign begin and what did they do at first
Are we going on the 3rd of April 1963 and the protesters leafleted making specific reference to the American dream
