Civil Rights 1917-55 Flashcards
Why did southerners introduce the Jim Crow laws
With slavery go on son this felt less in control of the black population in the south
What were the Jim Crow laws
A large number of laws which is segregated every aspect of life including public facilities and workplaces
How did state introduced discrimination against black people more subtly when it came to voting
They introduced a literacy test that voters had to pass in order to vote often black people were given a harder test and those that did pass were met with gangs of white Americans waiting for them to beat them up when they tried to vote.
What did the number of Louisiana black Americans registered to vote drop to.
130,334 in 1886 to 1342 by 1917
What was the lynching and between the years of 1915 and 1930 how many black men were lynched
Lynching was the unlawful killing of black men and 579 black men will inch between 1915 and 1930
In what year was the KKK revived
1915
What was the KKK
White supremacist group that were against black people
By 1925 what was estimates of membership of the KKK
8 million
When and what was plessy v Ferguson
It was an 1886 and it was a Supreme Court ruling that said despite the 14th Amendment segregation was possible as long as it was separate but equal
What and when was the great migration
Between 1917 and 1932 there is a wave of black migration from the south to the north and east
What three eastern cities have the biggest population growth due to the great migration
New York Philadelphia and Pittsburgh
Why did the great migration occur
World War I had increased demand for factory workers and black Americans were drawn to the north and east for work as well as to escape the south
What did the population of New York grow from 1910 to 1930
91,700 in 1910 to 327,700 in 1930
What did black migrants generally found once they migrated
They found a level of segregation in might not be expected as well as living in poor cramped conditions in low paid jobs
Why did an elite group of black people that had a vested interest in segregation start to grow
Because in cities were black migrant settled in areas that coincided with voting board black people became to have significant political influence.
Why did the south suffer as a result of the great migration
Because black migration shrunk the labour force in the south
Why was the black vote a significant part of the Roosevelt landslide
Because during the 1930s black voters shifted from mainly voting Republicans are voting Democrat
Why did Roosevelt actually do little to advance civil rights and often restrict the number of black workers on a project
Because he needed the support of those against equal rights
What was executive order 8802
An executive order banning racial Discrimination in the defence industry
Why did Roosevelt’s new deal measures not help black workers
Because black workers were constantly being moved of jobs to make room for white workers
Did black officials in Roosevelt’s administration have any success
Yes they managed to set the minimum wage the same for both black and white Americans
Give an example of a new deal measure that did help black Americans
One third of the low income housing bill was occupied by black tenants
What is NAACP and when was it formed
The National Association for the advancement of coloured people was formed in 1931
Why did peoples fear of communism affect the civil rights campaign in its early stages
Because black Americans often associated with Communist campaigns in order to advance their position
When did World War II break out and when did Japan bomb Pearl harbour
World War II broke out in 1939 then in December 1941 Japan bombed Pearl Harbor.
In May 1941 what did APhilip Randolph do
He threatened 100,000 strong or black march on Washington unless Roosevelt than discrimination in the army and defence factories
What stopped Philip Randolph is March
Executive order 8802 overseen by a fair employment practices committee stopped the March
As the war went on why were black Americans more able to push for equality
Because the military and the factories needed more people and therefore had to except black Americans
What percent of defence workers were black in 1940 to 1944
In 1942 and the 3% of defence workers are black by 1944 this would increase to 8%
The shortages of workers meant black people had to be trained in new skills why was this beneficial on multiple levels
Because working side-by-side with black people meant that many white workers Understood that black Americans were just as skilled as they were and they started to see black Americans as friends rather than enemies
What did Truman set up in 1946
The presidents committee and civil rights which called for equal opportunities in work and housing and urged strong federal support for civil rights
Why did the Cold War mean Truman couldn’t support the right to the extent he wanted to
He became distracted by trying to win the Cold War and earlier collaborations between Communist and black Americans made it even more difficult
In what year did Truman issue executive orders disaggregating the military and all worked on by businesses for the government
1940
What was the NAACP’s main aim
To gain black Americans their legal rights
When the NAACP started taking cases of segregation to court what made this more difficult and how did they combat that
The Plessis versus Ferguson case in 1886 made this more difficult so they began arguing that the separate provisions weren’t equal
When and what was Murray v Maryland
1936 and this desegregated the Uni of Maryland’s law school
When and what was Gaines V Canada
1938 and it was a Supreme Court order in the University of Missouri to take black students
When and what was Morgan V Virginia
1946 and it was a Supreme Court overturning of the Virginia State law segregating buses and trains that move from one state to another.
When and what was Shelly V Kraemer
1948 and it banned regulations barring black Americans from buying homes in certain areas
When and what was brown V Board of Education
This was the Supreme Court ruling that desegregated schools was also the first time that evidence with used that segregation was psychologically harmful for black school children.
What was CORE and when was it established
The Congress of racial equality established in 1942
How and why was direct action increased in the years nineteen forties to fifties
Direct action was stepped up as membership grew. Many were also influenced by Gandhi in India and protesters targeted segregation and deliberately challenged illegal state legislation
When and what was the journey of reconciliation
In 1947 a group of core members went on a journey of reconciliation riding interstate buses through southern states to desegregate them
How were demonstrators meant to appear
They were meant to always dress well and always be polite and never abusive or loud because they were looking for support not hate
