Civil Rights 1917-55

Question 1

Why did southerners introduce the Jim Crow laws

Answer 1

With slavery go on son this felt less in control of the black population in the south

Question 2

What were the Jim Crow laws

Answer 2

A large number of laws which is segregated every aspect of life including public facilities and workplaces

Question 3

How did state introduced discrimination against black people more subtly when it came to voting

Answer 3

They introduced a literacy test that voters had to pass in order to vote often black people were given a harder test and those that did pass were met with gangs of white Americans waiting for them to beat them up when they tried to vote.

Question 4

What did the number of Louisiana black Americans registered to vote drop to.

Answer 4

130,334 in 1886 to 1342 by 1917

Question 5

What was the lynching and between the years of 1915 and 1930 how many black men were lynched

Answer 5

Lynching was the unlawful killing of black men and 579 black men will inch between 1915 and 1930

Question 6

In what year was the KKK revived

Answer 6

1915

Question 7

What was the KKK

Answer 7

White supremacist group that were against black people

Question 8

By 1925 what was estimates of membership of the KKK

Answer 8

8 million

Question 9

When and what was plessy v Ferguson

Answer 9

It was an 1886 and it was a Supreme Court ruling that said despite the 14th Amendment segregation was possible as long as it was separate but equal

Question 10

What and when was the great migration

Answer 10

Between 1917 and 1932 there is a wave of black migration from the south to the north and east

Question 11

What three eastern cities have the biggest population growth due to the great migration

Answer 11

New York Philadelphia and Pittsburgh

Question 12

Why did the great migration occur

Answer 12

World War I had increased demand for factory workers and black Americans were drawn to the north and east for work as well as to escape the south

Question 13

What did the population of New York grow from 1910 to 1930

Answer 13

91,700 in 1910 to 327,700 in 1930

Question 14

What did black migrants generally found once they migrated

Answer 14

They found a level of segregation in might not be expected as well as living in poor cramped conditions in low paid jobs

Question 15

Why did an elite group of black people that had a vested interest in segregation start to grow

Answer 15

Because in cities were black migrant settled in areas that coincided with voting board black people became to have significant political influence.

Question 16

Why did the south suffer as a result of the great migration

Answer 16

Because black migration shrunk the labour force in the south

Question 17

Why was the black vote a significant part of the Roosevelt landslide

Answer 17

Because during the 1930s black voters shifted from mainly voting Republicans are voting Democrat

Question 18

Why did Roosevelt actually do little to advance civil rights and often restrict the number of black workers on a project

Answer 18

Because he needed the support of those against equal rights

Question 19

What was executive order 8802

Answer 19

An executive order banning racial Discrimination in the defence industry

Question 20

Why did Roosevelt’s new deal measures not help black workers

Answer 20

Because black workers were constantly being moved of jobs to make room for white workers

Question 21

Did black officials in Roosevelt’s administration have any success

Answer 21

Yes they managed to set the minimum wage the same for both black and white Americans

Question 22

Give an example of a new deal measure that did help black Americans

Answer 22

One third of the low income housing bill was occupied by black tenants

Question 23

What is NAACP and when was it formed

Answer 23

The National Association for the advancement of coloured people was formed in 1931

Question 24

Why did peoples fear of communism affect the civil rights campaign in its early stages

Answer 24

Because black Americans often associated with Communist campaigns in order to advance their position

Question 25

When did World War II break out and when did Japan bomb Pearl harbour

Answer 25

World War II broke out in 1939 then in December 1941 Japan bombed Pearl Harbor.

Question 26

In May 1941 what did APhilip Randolph do

Answer 26

He threatened 100,000 strong or black march on Washington unless Roosevelt than discrimination in the army and defence factories

Question 27

What stopped Philip Randolph is March

Answer 27

Executive order 8802 overseen by a fair employment practices committee stopped the March

Question 28

As the war went on why were black Americans more able to push for equality

Answer 28

Because the military and the factories needed more people and therefore had to except black Americans

Question 29

What percent of defence workers were black in 1940 to 1944

Answer 29

In 1942 and the 3% of defence workers are black by 1944 this would increase to 8%

Question 30

The shortages of workers meant black people had to be trained in new skills why was this beneficial on multiple levels

Answer 30

Because working side-by-side with black people meant that many white workers Understood that black Americans were just as skilled as they were and they started to see black Americans as friends rather than enemies

Question 31

What did Truman set up in 1946

Answer 31

The presidents committee and civil rights which called for equal opportunities in work and housing and urged strong federal support for civil rights

Question 32

Why did the Cold War mean Truman couldn’t support the right to the extent he wanted to

Answer 32

He became distracted by trying to win the Cold War and earlier collaborations between Communist and black Americans made it even more difficult

Question 33

In what year did Truman issue executive orders disaggregating the military and all worked on by businesses for the government

Answer 33

1940

Question 34

What was the NAACP’s main aim

Answer 34

To gain black Americans their legal rights

Question 35

When the NAACP started taking cases of segregation to court what made this more difficult and how did they combat that

Answer 35

The Plessis versus Ferguson case in 1886 made this more difficult so they began arguing that the separate provisions weren’t equal

Question 36

When and what was Murray v Maryland

Answer 36

1936 and this desegregated the Uni of Maryland’s law school

Question 37

When and what was Gaines V Canada

Answer 37

1938 and it was a Supreme Court order in the University of Missouri to take black students

Question 38

When and what was Morgan V Virginia

Answer 38

1946 and it was a Supreme Court overturning of the Virginia State law segregating buses and trains that move from one state to another.

Question 39

When and what was Shelly V Kraemer

Answer 39

1948 and it banned regulations barring black Americans from buying homes in certain areas

Question 40

When and what was brown V Board of Education

Answer 40

This was the Supreme Court ruling that desegregated schools was also the first time that evidence with used that segregation was psychologically harmful for black school children.

Question 41

What was CORE and when was it established

Answer 41

The Congress of racial equality established in 1942

Question 42

How and why was direct action increased in the years nineteen forties to fifties

Answer 42

Direct action was stepped up as membership grew. Many were also influenced by Gandhi in India and protesters targeted segregation and deliberately challenged illegal state legislation

Question 43

When and what was the journey of reconciliation

Answer 43

In 1947 a group of core members went on a journey of reconciliation riding interstate buses through southern states to desegregate them

Question 44

How were demonstrators meant to appear

Answer 44

They were meant to always dress well and always be polite and never abusive or loud because they were looking for support not hate