Civil Rights Flashcards
What were Jim Crow
laws? How did
discrimination and
segregation create a
poverty cycle?
Segregation and gerrymandering laws
no representation
excluded from better paid jobs and hence had to live and endure more social problems
What is affirmative
action, and why did
supporters argue it to be
necessary?
positive descrimination
any measure beyond the termination of discriminatory practice adopted to compensate for discrimination
How did affirmative
action begin?
Kennedys executive order
How did affirmative
action change under
President Johnson and
President Nixon?
Futher attempts to upskill workers and ensure that federal contacts were equally suspicious
Explain the case Regents
of the Uni. Of California
v. Bakke (1978)
this ruled that non while minority students could compete for all 100 places on the uni of cali med school places, white students could only apply for 84 places. 14th amended
Explain the decision in
Adarand Constructors v.
Pena (1995)
that a federal affirmative action strategy must pass a ‘scrutiny tesy’
Explain the decision in
Schuette v. Coalition to defend affirmative action, 2014?
while the university of michgan wasn’t allowed to give extra points to uni students the law students here could consider race when making an offer
Why do some argue
that, despite
discrimination bans,
affirmative action is still
necessary?
Because there is still an overwhelming poverty and other social factors in black American lives
How did Supreme Court
Justice Sonia Sotomayor
justify the use of
affirmative action?
because she said that while her grades were lower she gained a place at an institution right for her
What do poverty rates
suggest about the need
for affirmative action?
poverty rates in black communities were still higher
Why do supporters
argue that affirmative
action is necessary
because of the need to
improve descriptive
representation?
descriptive representation- influences how much trust congress has by voters which leads into political participation
Why can affirmative
action be argued to be
‘reverse discrimination’,
unconstitutional under
the 14th Amendment?
because citezens are no longer being treated equally
Why do some critics
argue that affirmative
action unfairly overlooks
socioeconomic factors?
while students live in poverty as well
What is ‘mismatch
theory’? Why does
Justice Thomas oppose
affirmative action?
putting students of of their depth does them no good
What alternatives are
there to affirmative
action?
solve problems
outreach problems
ending legacy programs
