Civil Rights Flashcards
MLK JR
led peaceful marches for civil rights, first president of Southern Christian Leadership Conference (SCLC), oversaw 1955 Montgomery Bus Boycott, “I have a dream speech”
Rosa Parks
Refused to give up her seat starting the Montgomery Bus Boycott, in NAACP
Malcolm X
advocate for Black empowerment and the promotion of Islam, violent tactics
Robert F. Kennedy
Civil rights activist running for election, June 5, 1968, he was assassinated in LA
Thurgood Marshall
Lawyer who won Brown v Board of Education, Supreme Court’s first African-American justice appointed by President Johnson 1967
Ella Baker
Leader in NAACP & SCLC
Ceasar Chavez
Co-founded the National Farm Workers Association (NFWA) in Delano, California
Judge Leon Bazile
Judge in Loving v Virginia, that was later overturned
Brown v Board of Education
1954 Supreme Court case that ruled that the separation of children in public schools based on race was unconstitutional
Plessy V Ferguson
1896 Supreme Court case that upheld racial segregation laws, overturned by Brown v Board of education
Civil Rights Act of 1964
President Johnson outlawed discrimination in the United States based on race, color, religion, sex, or national origin
Voting Rights of of 1965
President Johnson outlawed the discriminatory voting practices, including literacy tests as a prereqs to voting
Americans with Disabilities Act
Signed in 1990 by President Bush, federal law that protects people with disabilities from discrimination in areas of public life
Equal Rights Amendment
proposed amendment to the U.S. Constitution that would explicitly prohibit sex discrimination
Defense of Marriage Act
President Clinton in 1996, defined marriage as one man and one woman. Denied federal recognition of same-sex marriages.
Prop 8
2008 State constitutional amendment in California that banned same sex marriage, overturned later
Don’t Ask, Don’t Tell
Clinton 1994-2011 regulations that governed how the U.S. military treated LGBTQ+ service member
Obergefell v Hodges
2015 Supreme Court held that the 14th Amendment requires states to license and recognize same-sex marriage.
Little Rock Riots
1957, desegregation of Central High School. Arkansas Nation Guard tried of stop them, President Eisenhower sent in army to help the 9
Jim Crow Era
late 19th century to the 1960s when laws enforced racial segregation and discrimination against African Americans
I Have a Dream Speech
speech by MLK Jr. during the March on Washington for Jobs and Freedom on August 28, 1963
1968 Olympics Medal Stand Protest
demonstration by Tommie Smith and John Carlos, American sprinters who raised their fists during the national anthem.
Selma to Montgomery Freedom March
March 21-March 25, 1965 protest to support voting rights for African Americans
Birmingham: 16th st Baptist church bombing
September 15th, 1963. KKK bombed a black church. 4 young girls were killed and 20 more were injured.
Alcatraz occupation
November 20, 1969 – June 11, 1971 was a 19-month long protest when 89 Native Americans and their supporters occupied Alcatraz Island. Led by Richard Oakes
Stonewall Uprising
June 28, 1969- 6 day series of events between police and LGBTQ+ protesters
Discrimination
act of treating someone differently or less favorably than others based on their perceived or actual membership in a group or category
Segregation
setting someone or something apart from others
White Flight
large-scale migration of white people away from areas that are becoming more racially diverse.
Freedom Riders
group of civil rights activists who rode buses through the segregated Southern United States in 1961 to challenge segregation law
Redlining
lender avoids serving a neighborhood or discourages people from applying for loans because of the race or ethnicity of the people who live there
BlockBusting
persuading owners to sell property cheaply because of the fear of people of another ethnic or social group moving into the neighborhood, and then profiting by reselling at a higher price.
