civil rights

Question 1

civil rights

Answer 1

the rights of people to be treated without unreasonable or unconstitutional differences

Question 2

separate-but-equal doctrine

Answer 2

the doctrine established in plessy v ferguson (1896) that african americans constitutionally could be kept in separate but equal facilities

Question 3

de jure segregation

Answer 3

racial segregation that is required by law

Question 4

de facto segregation

Answer 4

racial segregation that occurs in schools, not as a result of the law, but as a result of patterns of residential settlement

Question 5

suspect classification

Answer 5

classifications of people based on their race or ethnicity; laws so classifying people are subject to “strict scrutiny”

Question 6

strict scrutiny

Answer 6

the standard by which “suspect classifications” are judged. to be upheld, such a classification must be related to a “compelling government interest,” be “narrowly tailored” to achieve that interest, and use the “least restrictive means” available

Question 7

civil disobedience

Answer 7

opposing a law one considers unjust by disobeying it peacefully and accepting the resultant punishment

Question 8

police powers

Answer 8

state power to effect laws promoting health, safety, and morals

Question 9

equality of results

Answer 9

making certain that people achieve the same result

Question 10

equality of opportunity

Answer 10

giving people an equal chance to succeed

Question 11

affirmative action

Answer 11

laws or administrative regulations that require a business firm, government agency, labor union, school, college, or other organization to take positive steps to increase the number of african americans, other minorities, or women in its membership

Question 12

reverse discrimination

Answer 12

using race or sex to give preferential treatment to some people