Civil Rights Flashcards
A wide range of programs aimed at expanding opportunities for women and minority groups
Affirmative Action
the Court held that separate but equal is inherently unequal in the context of public education
Brown v. Topeka Board of Education
a refusal to do business with a firm, individual, or nation as an expression of disapproval or as a means of coercion
Boycott
the willful but nonviolent breach of laws that are regarded as unjust
Civil disobedience
powers or privileges guaranteed to individuals and protected from arbitrary removal at the hands of gov’t or individuals
Civil rights
entitles all persons to equal access to establishments serving the general public and bars discriminatory hiring/promotion practices
Civil rights Act of 1964
empowers federal agents to register voters and to oversee participation in elections
Voting Rights Act of 1965
Civil War Amendments
13,14,15
barred slavery throughout the U.S. (except as punishment for a crime)
13th
defines citizenship and gives the Federal gov’t broad power to require the States to provide equal protection of the laws (due process)
14th
guarantees black men (but not women) the right to vote
15th
segregation that is not the result of government influence
De Facto Segregation
government-imposed segregation
De jure segregation
the idea that each person is guaranteed the same chance to succeed in life
Equality of opportunity
the concept that society must ensure that people are equal, and governments must design policies to redistribute wealth and status to achieve economic and social equality
Equality of outcome
prohibits states from denying any person within its jurisdiction the equal protection of the law.
Equal protection clause
the necessary and natural parts of it.
Inherent characteristics
discrimination against persons or groups that works to their harm and is based on animosity
Invidious discrimination
Southern states passed laws after the Civil War that enforced segregation
Jim crow laws
the Court upheld state-imposed racial segregation based on the “separate-but-equal” doctrine
Plessy vs. Ferguson
tax of $1 or $2 on every citizen who wished to vote, effectively disenfranchising black voters
Poll Tax
the Court ruled that Bakke’s constitutional right of equal protection under the 14th Amendment was violated, but preserved the use of race as an admission criteria
Univ of California vs Bakke
gave constitutional sanction to laws designed to achieve racial segregation by means of separate and equal public facilities and services for African Americans and whites.
Separate but equal doctorine
The standard used by the Supreme Court in deciding whether a law or policy (regarding race ) is deemed constitutional or not
strict scrutiny test
