Civil Liberties/ Civil Rights

Question 0

Civil rights

Answer 0

Protections against discrimination

Question 1

Civil Liberties

Answer 1

Personal freedoms (speech, assembly, etc)

Question 2

Clear and present danger doctrine

Answer 2

Judicial interpretation of 1st amend. that gov. may not ban speech unless it is a threat to society

Question 3

De facto segregation

Answer 3

Segregation by fact

Question 4

De jure segregation

Answer 4

Segregation by law

Question 5

Double jeopardy

Answer 5

Being prosecuted twice for the same offense (banned by 5th amend)

Question 6

Due process clause

Answer 6

Prohibits national gov. and states from denying life, liberty or property without due process of law

Question 7

Equal protection clause

Answer 7

14th amend. clause that prohibits states from denying equal protection under the law

Question 8

Eminent domain

Answer 8

Right of gov. to take private property for the public good

Question 9

Establishment clause

Answer 9

Provision in 1st amend. that prohibits congress from establishing an official state religion. Basis for separation of church and state

Question 10

Exclusionary rule

Answer 10

Supreme Court guideline that excludes the use of illegally obtained evidence in a criminal trial

Question 11

Free exercise clause

Answer 11

Congress may not ban free exercise of religion

Question 12

Grandfather clause

Answer 12

Excludes blacks from exercising right to vote. Only those whose grandfathers had voted before 1865 could vote

Question 13

Grand jury

Answer 13

Determines whether or not to bring criminal charges against a suspect

Question 14

Incorporation

Answer 14

Applying bill of rights to states

Question 15

Total incorporation

Answer 15

States must obey all provisions of the bill of rights because if the due process clause of the 14th amend.

Question 16

Selective incorporation

Answer 16

Bill of rights is applied to the states in a more gradual manner in a cause by case basis

Question 17

Indictment

Answer 17

Grand jury order that a suspect must stand trial for a criminal offense

Question 18

Jim Crow laws

Answer 18

Southern laws that required racial segregation in places of public accommodation

Question 19

Libel

Answer 19

Written untruths that damage a reputation

Question 20

Literacy test

Answer 20

Way to exclude blacks from voting by requiring that votes prove their ability to read and writ w

Question 21

Miranda warnings

Answer 21

warnings that must be read to suspects prior to questioning

Question 22

Plea bargain

Answer 22

Arrangement in which a suspect pleads guilty to a leases offense in order to avoid a trial

Question 23

Police powers

Answer 23

Powers that allow states to pass laws protecting the health, welfare, safety and morals of their residents

Question 24

Poll tax

Answer 24

Southern method of excluding blacks from voting by requiring payment of tax before voting

Question 25

Prior restraint

Answer 25

When court stops something before it happens

Question 26

Racial gerrymandering

Answer 26

Drawing legislative boundaries to give electoral advantages to a particular racial group

Question 27

Sedition

Answer 27

Advocate of the overthrow of the gov.

Question 28

Separate but equal

Answer 28

Plessy v. Ferguson. Allowed state required segregation in places of public accommodation as long as the facilities are equal

Question 29

Shield laws

Answer 29

State laws that protect journalists from having to reveal their sources

Question 30

Slander

Answer 30

Written untruths that damage reputation

Question 31

Struck scrutiny

Answer 31

SC guideline for determining if gov. can make racial distinctions.

Question 32

White primary

Answer 32

Primary election in which southern states allowed only whites to vote