Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Finals Exam > Civil Engineering Orientation Module 4 : Geotechnical Engineering > Flashcards

Civil Engineering Orientation Module 4 : Geotechnical Engineering Flashcards

1
Q

is the technical specialty that deals with soil and rock as supporting materials for structures.

A

Geotechnical Engineering

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

It deals with the various foundation types that work between the structure and the ground. In addition, it deals with the stability of soil or rock slopes whose failure may cause loss of human lives or damage to property.

A

Geotechnical Engineering

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

is a basic science that is concerned with the study of the history of the Earth, the
rocks of which it is composed and the changes that it has undergone or is undergoing.

A

Geology

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

the science of rocks and earth processes

A

Geology

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

the application of geologic
fundamentals to engineering

A

Engineering Geolory

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Examples of Engineering Geology

A

mapping of active seismic faults that are to be avoided when making plans for human habitat development, roadway
construction, or power plant construction.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

are formed from rock as it is acted upon by physical, chemical, and biological forces.

A

Soil

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Engineering viewpoint of making soil

A

soil is any earth material that can be removed with a spade, shovel or bulldozer and is the product of natural weathering

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Geological viewpoint of making soil

A

soil may be considered
as the superficial unconsolidated mantle of disintegrated
and decomposed rock material

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Pedological viewpoint of making soil

A

soil is the weathered transformation product of the outermost layer of the solid crust differentiated into horizons varying in type and amounts of mineral and organic constituents,
usually unconsolidated and of various depths.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

serve as parent material for natural soil formation

A

Rocks

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

rocks that are solidified from a molten or partly molten siliceous solution.

A

Igneous Rocks

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

molten or partly molten siliceous solution

A

Magma

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

When magma cools and solidifies in direct contact with the atmosphere

A

Extrusive cooling

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

When magma cools and solidifies in the subsurface

A

Intrusive cooling

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

formed naturally by consolidated or unconsolidated transported materials.

A

Sedimentary Rocks

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

rocks that form as a result of subjecting
igneous or sedimentary rocks to elevated temperatures and pressures.

A

Metamorphic rocks

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

the study of the ways in which rocks or sediments are arranged and
deformed on the earth.

A

Structural Geology

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Any rock unit that is
recognizable and mappable in the field

A

Formation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

boundaries between formations

A

Contacts

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

two-dimensional
view of rock distribution

A

Map view

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

a view of a vertical slice of
the earth

A

Geological cross section

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

combination of those two
representations and gives a 3-D view of formations and contacts

A

Block Diagram

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

Geological structures regularly encountered in civil engineering work

A

folds, faults, joints and unconformities

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

wavy undulations developed in the
rocks of the Earth’s crust due to horizontal compression resulting from gradual cooling of the Earth’s crust,
lateral deflection and intrusion of magma in the upper strata.

A

Folds

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

rocks bent around an
imaginary line

A

Fold Axis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

where the continuity of the rock mass breaks.

A

Fracture

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
28
Q

fractures in crustal strata
along which appreciable shear displacement of the adjacent rock blocks have occurred relative to each
other, probably due to tectonic activities.

A

Faults

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
29
Q

fracture along which the shear displacement has taken place

A

Fault plane

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
30
Q

a fracture where little or no movement has taken place.

A

Joint

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
31
Q

Occur in several sets and are approximately parallel within a specific
set.

A

Discontinuities

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
32
Q

a material whose
physical, mechanical property, etc., are not all the same in each direction.

A

Anisotropic

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
33
Q

the surface/ plane of separation
between two series of rock beds/geological formations that belong to two different geologic ages and they
are, in most cases, different in their geologic structure.

A

Plane of Unconformity or the Unconformity

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
34
Q

occurs when there is erosion of a layer or layers of deposited rock followed by the
deposition of new sedimentary rock on top.

A

Unconformity

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
35
Q

happens when the ages of the layers of
rock that are abutting each other are discontinuous

A

Unconformity

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
36
Q

Sedimentary layer deposited over eroded horizontal sedimentary layer

A

Disconformity

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
37
Q

Sedimentary layer deposited over eroded angular(tilted or folded) rock

A

Angular unconformity

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
38
Q

Sedimentary layer deposited over eroded igneous or
metamorphic rock.

A

Nonconformity

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
39
Q

a branch of mechanics that studies the mechanical properties of various types of soil and its strength at different
moisture-content levels

A

Soil Mechanics

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
40
Q

the Father of Modern Soil Mechanics

A

Karl von Terzaghi

41
Q

old proverb that should be consulted

A

stitch in time saves nine

42
Q

Unit used in phase system

A

SI units

43
Q

A material is______ if it contains continuous voids

A

Permeable

44
Q

interaction between soils and
percolating water

A

Seepage

45
Q

a phenomenon by which the soil on the downstream sides of some hydraulic structures get lifted up due to excess pressure of water.

A

Piping

46
Q

The pressure transmitted through grain to grain at the contact points through a soil mass

A

intergranular or effective pressure

47
Q

pressure that is responsible for the decrease in the void ratio or increase in the frictional resistance of a soil mass.

A

Effective pressure

48
Q

Happens if the pores of a soil mass is filled with water and if a pressure-induced into the pore water tries to separate the grains

A

pore water pressure or neutral stress

49
Q

The effect of this pressure is to increase the
volume or decrease the frictional resistance of the soil mass.

A

pore water pressure or neutral stress

50
Q

This theory states that constant ratios exist between stresses and strains.

A

Elastic theory

51
Q

A portion of the applied stress is transferred to the soil skeleton, which in turn causes a
reduction in the excess pore pressure. This process, involving a gradual compression occurring
simultaneously with a flow of water out of the mass and with a gradual transfer of the applied pressure from
the pore water to the mineral skeleton is called _______

A

Consolidation

52
Q

process that involves an increase in the water content due to an increase in the volume of the
voids.

A

Swelling

53
Q

One of the most important and the most controversial engineering properties of soil

A

Shear Strength

54
Q

strength or ability of the soil to resist sliding along internal surfaces within a mass.

A

Shear Strength

55
Q

The field and laboratory
investigations required to obtain the essential information on the subsoil

A

Soil Exploration or Soil Investigation

56
Q

one of the most important parts of Foundation Engineering
and at the same time the most neglected part of it.

A

Soil Exploration or Soil Investigation

57
Q

2 types of slopes

A

I. Natural slopes
2. Manmade slopes

58
Q

Slopes that exist in nature and are formed by natural causes

A

Natural slopes

59
Q

term used to designate a constant slope of infinite extent.

A

Infinite slopes

60
Q

slopes that are limited in extent

A

Finite slopes

61
Q

an extremely important consideration in the design and construction of earth darns.

A

Slope stability

62
Q

The important factors that cause instability in a slope and lead to failure

A
  1. Gravitational force
  2. Force due to seepage of water
  3. Erosion of the surface of slopes due to flowing water
  4. The sudden lowering of water adjacent to a slope
  5. Forces due to earthquakes
63
Q

the removal of a certain weight of soil and may
thus lead to an increased stability as far as mass
movement is concerned.

A

Erosion

64
Q

Structures that are built to retain vertical or nearly vertical earth banks or any other material

A

Retaining walls

65
Q

walls that resist movement because of their heavy sections

A

Gravity walls

66
Q

similar to cantilever walls except that the stem of the walls span horizontally between
vertical brackets known as counterforts.

A

Counterfort walls

67
Q

similar to counterfort walls except the brackets or buttress walls are provided on the opposite side of
the backfill.

A

Buttressed walls

68
Q

walls that are more flexible than
the other types.

A

Sheet pile walls

69
Q

earth materials that constitute relatively the thin outer shell

A

Crust

70
Q

materials that are made up of small crystalline
units

A

Minerals

71
Q

a naturally occurring inorganic substance composed of one
or more elements with a unique chemical composition, unique arrangement of elements (crystalline
structure) and distinctive physical properties

A

Mineral

72
Q

a hard, compact and naturally occurring earth material composed of one or more
minerals and is permanent and durable for engineering applications.

A

Rock

73
Q

the subject concerned with the study of the response of rock to an applied
disturbance caused by natural or engineering processes.

A

Rock Mechanics

74
Q

the engineering
applications of the basic principles and the information available in the subjects of engineering geology and
rock mechanics in an economic way.

A

Rock Engineering

75
Q

a large extent of rock, from several metres to few kilometres,
which can include many discontinuities of different forms.

A

Rock Mass

76
Q

the steepest inclination of the plane to
horizontal.

A

Dip or True Dip

77
Q

the inclination of any arbitrary line on the plane to horizontal, which is always
less than the true dip

A

Apparent Dip

78
Q

the trace (or intersection) of the dipping plane with the horizontal reference
plane. It is also the orientation of the horizontal line drawn on the dipping plane. It is perpendicular to the
dip direction.

A

Strike

79
Q

the interface between a superstructure and its supporting soil

A

Foundation

80
Q

the study of different types of foundation and their proper applications.
It is the application and practice of the fundamental principles of soil mechanics and rock mechanics (i.e.,
geotechnical engineering) in the design of foundations of various structures

A

Foundation Engineering

81
Q

types of
foundations:

A
  1. Cantilever footings
  2. Combined footings
  3. Mat foundations
82
Q

normally
comprises two footings connected by a beam called a strap.
A strap footing a special case of a combined footing

A

Cantilever Footing

83
Q

is a long footing
supporting two or more columns in one row

A

Combined footing

84
Q

large
footing usually supporting several columns in two or more
rows

A

Mat or Raft Foundatios

85
Q

is the direction of the horizontal line (projection) of the line of dip, measured clockwise from the north which can be in the range of 0° to 360°.

A

Dip Azimuth

86
Q

the maximum bearing capacity of soil at which the soil fails by shear

A

Ultimate Bearing Capacity

87
Q

a pressure that is safe from shear failure criteria.

A

Allowable Bearing Pressure

88
Q

a pressure that is safe from settlement criteria

A

Safe Bearing Pressure

89
Q

piles that are used when the horizontal load per pile exceeds the value suitable for vertical piles; used in combination with vertical piles.

A

Batter Piles or Inclined Piles or Raker Piles

90
Q

if the lateral load acts on the pile in the direction of batter.

A

In-Batter Piles or Negative Batter Piles

91
Q

if the lateral load acts in the direction opposite to that of the batter.

A

Out-Batter Piles or Positive Batter Piles

92
Q

installed by excavating; belong to the same category as piles.

A

Piers

93
Q

a pile, cast-in-sity, with a diameter less than 0.75m (2.5 ft).

A

Small Diameter Pile

94
Q

a pile with a diameter greater than 0.75m (2.5 ft); also called a drilled piers, drilled shafts, and drilled caissons in the USA.

A

Large Diameter Bored Cast-In-Situ Pile

95
Q

piers which develop their support from end-bearing on strong soil, “hardpan” or rock; the overlying soil is assumed to contribute nothing to the support of the load imposed on the pier.

A

Straight-Shaft End Bearing Piers

96
Q

piers which pass through overburden soils that are assumed to carry none of the load and penetrate far enough into an assigned bearing stratum to develop design and load capacity by side wall friction between the pier and bearing stratum.

A

Straight-Shaft Side Wall Friction Piers

97
Q

piers with combined side wall friction and end bearing assigned a role in carrying the design load.

A

Combination of Straight Shaft Side Wall Friction and End Bearing Piers

98
Q

frequently termed soil stabilization; in its broadest sense, an alteration of any property of a soil to improve its engineering performance.

A

Soil Improvement

Finals Exam (6 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions