Civil Drawing - Paper 1 Flashcards
What does DPC mean?
Damp Proof Course
What does FFL mean?
Finished Floor Level
What does NGL mean?
Natural Ground Level
What does NTS mean?
Not To Scale
What are the recommended drawing scales for layout drawings?
1:200
1:100
1:50
What are the recommended drawing scales for component drawings?
1:50
1:20
1:10
1:5
1:2
1:1
What does this symbol indicate?
Existing level on plan where X marks the position to which the height applies.
What does this symbol indicate?
Level required on plan
What does this symbol indicate?
Existing level on section
What does this symbol indicate?
Level required on section
What does this symbol indicate?
Cutting plane where the arrow indicates direction of sight.
What does this symbol indicate?
Finished floor level
What does this symbol indicate?
Ramp where the arrow indicates ramp up
What does this symbol indicate?
Staircase where the arrow indicates stairs up
What does this symbol indicate?
North point
What does this symbol indicate?
Tree to be removed
What does this symbol indicate?
Existing tree
What does this symbol indicate?
Rough timber section
What does this symbol indicate?
Finished timber section
What does this symbol indicate?
Concrete
What does this symbol indicate?
Earth fill
What does this symbol indicate?
Common brick
What does this symbol indicate?
Face brick
What does this symbol indicate?
Compacted hardcore fill
What does this symbol indicate?
Screed
What does this symbol indicate?
Insulation
What height should numbers be printed?
3mm
What height should labels be printed?
3mm
What height should titles be printed?
5mm
Should you underline print?
No, underlining is NOT recommended
Should notes be placed horizontally or vertically?
Horizontally
Name 3 types of drawings.
Sketch drawings
Design drawings
Working drawings
Name 4 types of working drawings.
Locality plan
Site plan
Layout drawings
Component drawings
What are sketch drawings?
Preliminary freehand drawings which show the intentions of the designer.
What are design drawings?
Freehand drawings but with sufficiently more detail than the sketch drawings. The final drawings are prepared from the design drawings.
What is a locality plan?
A plan that identifies the stand and locates the outline of a stand in relation to a town plan or other wider context.
What is a site plan?
It indicates the size and the features of a site and locates the positions of buildings in relation to them. It also contains other information required by the local municipality.
What is a layout drawing?
A drawing that shows the general construction of the building with the location of all the principal elements and the components.
What is included in a layout drawing?
Floor plan
Elevations
Sections
Name 3 types of component drawings.
Component range drawings
Component detail drawings
Assembly drawings
What are component range drawings?
They show the basic sizes and system of reference for a set of components.
What are component detail drawings?
They show all the information necessary for the manufacture of components.
What are assembly drawings?
They show in detail the construction of a building.
What features are included on a floor plan?
Doors, windows, wall thickness, room designations and sizes, wiring diagrams, water and sewage reticulation, the overall makeup of the building.
What should you be able to visualise when you review the floor plan with elevations?
What the structure will look like when built.
What are elevations?
Elevations are the exterior view of a building that shows the features of that building and in particular the style and the exterior finishes.
How is an elevation labeled?
According to the geographic direction it faces.
What is a north elevation?
An elevation of the side of the building that faces north.
How many elevations does a typical drawing have?
A minimum of 4 for simple buildings. Complex buildings will have more elevations.
What is a section?
A section is a vertical slice through a building.
What is the purpose of drawing sections?
To show construction details.
How should sections be labelled when there is more than one?
A-A, B-B, and so on.
What do sectional elevations show?
How the various components combine to make up the building.
What is a detail section?
It’s a drawing of part of a structure that is usually drawn to a larger scale that will be used for manufacturing purposes.
What size sheets are used for commercial civil layout drawings?
A1
How many views of a building should be on a single A1 sheet?
As many as possible without crowding the drawing area.
How should views be laid out on a civil layout drawing?
The plan of the building is placed in a bottom corner of the sheet with the North elevation and the south elevation placed directly above it. The east and west elevations are then placed in line with and to the side of the north elevation.
What does S mean?
Sink
What does WC mean?
Water Closet
What does HB mean?
Wash-Basin
What does B mean?
Bath
What does SH mean?
Shower
What does U mean?
Urinal
What does WT mean?
Wash Tub
What does BT mean?
Bidet
What feature do these diagrams illustrate?
Sink (S)
What feature do these diagrams illustrate?
Water Closet (WC)
What feature do these diagrams illustrate?
Bath (B)
What feature do these diagrams illustrate?
Wash Basin (WB)
What feature do these diagrams illustrate?
Shower (SH)
What feature do these diagrams illustrate?
Urinal (U) wall mounted and stall type
What feature do these diagrams illustrate?
Wash Tub (WT)
What feature do these diagrams illustrate?
Furnishings
What feature do these diagrams illustrate?
Fixtures
What feature do these diagrams illustrate?
Bidet (BT)
Which of these 3 pictures would you use as a view in the plan?
The middle picture.
Which of these 3 pictures would you use in a view in elevation?
The far left picture.
Which of these 3 pictures is a feature computer symbol?
The far right picture.
What does the Surveyor General’s diagram describe?
The geographical orientation of all the boundary lines, the lengths of the boundary lines and the corner heights of the site.
List the features of a site plan.
Boundaries, north point, building lines, stand numbers, levels, physical features, services and servitude, municipal sewer connection, buildings.
What are the rules for drawing a boundary line?
All stand boundaries must be clearly drawn with the corners extended slightly to show where the adjacent stands meet.
The length of a boundary line must be included along the border line.
What are building lines?
Building lines run parallel to the boundary lines of a stand and demarcates the area within the boundary where buildings can be erected.
What happens if the contractor builds outside the building lines?
The local authority can order that part of the building be demolished.
What is a stand number?
It indicates which property will be built on.
What is the purpose of corner levels?
Corner heights indicate the height that a corner of a stand is above sea level and should always be displayed in metres.
What is a servitude?
A strip of land on which no building is allowed to be placed.
What does RE mean?
Rodding Eye
What does IE mean?
Inspection Eye
What does MH mean?
Man Holes
What is the reticulation system?
The reticulation system is the supply of hot and cold water to the geyser, kitchen sink, shower and sanitary fixtures in a building.
What is drainage?
Drainage is the system by which waste-water is deposited into a municipal sewage system and must be shown on layout drawings.
What does G mean?
Gully trap
Which pipe must be laid at a downward slope?
The waste-disposal pipe.
What does IC mean?
Inspection Chamber
Why are some aspects on drawings colour coded?
The addition of colour to aspects of the plan, helps to identify the various features at a glance and to differentiate the proposed new work from the existing buildings.
What colour must new masonry be?
Red
What colour must new concrete be on elevations?
Green.
What colour must new iron or steel be on elevations?
Blue
What colour must new wood be on elevations?
Yellow
What colour must new glass be on elevations?
Black
What colour must existing materials be on elevations?
Grey
What colour must proposed work be on site plans?
Red
What colour must existing work be on site plans?
Not coloured.
What colour must work to be demolished be on site plans?
Shown with dashed line.
What colour must drains and soil pipes be?
Brown
What colour must waste pipes be?
Green
What colour must existing drains be?
Black
What colour must stormwater drains be?
Not coloured
What is the purpose of a building plan?
To provide comprehensive instruction covering all aspects of a building.
Why are notes added to drawings?
To supplement the graphics and dimensions and to give guidance, clarity and explanation where needed.
Which fixtures must be labeled?
All permanent fixtures must be labeled.
What should the roof note include?
The roof pitch (angle)
The material and sizes of the trusses and the roof covering.
Which 3 heights should be indicated on a plan?
The roof ridge height
The ceiling height
The finished floor height
Name 2 types of roofs.
Pitched roof and flat roof.
Name the aspects that affect the design and construction of the roof.
Roof structure; wall plate; the eaves; roof covering; ridge cap; ceiling; roof notes; roof angle
What is the most important component of roof structure?
The main component is the roof truss.
What is a roof truss?
A truss consists of a number of soft wood timber sections, secured together to provide a framework that will support the roof covering.
What is the wall plate?
It is a strip of timber measuring 115x38mm that sits on the inner course of an external or load bearing wall.
What is the purpose of the wall plate?
The roof truss rests on the wall plate and is held down by strips of galvanised wire that are anchored into the wall.
What are the eaves?
The eaves are the lower edges of the roof that project over the external walls. The eaves overhang and can vary in length.
What is attached to the end of the eaves?
Fascia board.
What is attached to the fascia board at the end of the eaves?
The gutters.
Name 3 common roof coverings.
Tiles
Roof sheeting
Thatch grass
What are roof tiles lain on?
Battens
What are roof sheets lain on?
Purlins
What is a ridge cap?
The ridge cap is a specialised tile or sheet produced for the purpose of covering the gap at the top of the roof where the two sides meet.
What is a ceiling?
A ceiling is the roof covering found inside the house.
What does a ceiling consist of?
Plasterboard that is attached to brandering .
What should be included in the roof notes?
Truss material and sizes.
Wall plate size.
Roof pitch (angle).
Roof covering, material and size.
Eave overhang and finish.
Sizes and distances apart of the battens and purlins.
Material and sizes of the fascia or barge board.
Material and sizes of the gutters and downpipes.
Ceiling materials.
Size and spacing of the brandering .
What determines the minimum pitch of a roof?
It is determined in part by the material that is used for the covering and in part by the material that is used for the construction of the trusses.
What is the minimum slope advised for a roof truss manufactured from timber and corrugated metal sheets as covering?
5°
What is the minimum slope advised if IBR sheeting is used?
11°
What is the minimum slope advised when concrete tiles are used?
17°
What is the minimum slope advised when thatch grass is used?
35°
What is the centre-to-centre method?
The method used to dimension the distances between the trusses and the distances between the battens or purlins on a roof.
Why do we use detail drawings?
The scale used on building layout drawings is often too small to show all the finer detail on the drawing, with the result that any elevation or sectional elevation will show a window or a door only as a set of parallel lines.
How are doors drawn?
They are drawn attached to the frame and in the open position.
What is the door swing?
It is the locus generated by the outer edge of the door and is always included.
How are windows shown in a drawing?
Windows are shown on a drawing as a set of parallel lines which define the frame.
How is floor area calculated?
It is calculated as the total horizontal coverage of the dwelling which includes the width of the walls.
How is the area of a dwelling calculated?
Multiply the total length by the total breadth. l x b = area
What is the perimeter?
It is the total length of all the walls added together.
Should you include the outside walls when calculating the total area of a dwelling?
Yes.
What does BWK mean?
Brickwork
What does BIC mean?
Built-in-cupboard
What does CE mean?
Cleaning eye
What does COL mean?
Column
What does CONC mean?
Concrete
What does DPM mean?
Damp proof membrane
What does DWG mean?
Drawing
What does FC mean?
Fibre cement
What does GT mean?
Grease Trap
What does GSM mean?
Galvanised Sheetmetal
What does GRANO mean?
Granolithic
What does INSUL mean?
Insulation
What does IL mean?
Invert level
What does RWP mean?
Rainwater pipe
What does RC mean?
Reinforced concrete
What does SP mean?
Soil Pipe
What does SWD mean?
Stormwater drain
What does SWP mean?
Stormwater pipe
What does uPVC mean?
Unplasticized polyvinyl chloride
What does VP mean?
Vent or ventilation pipe
What does WP mean?
Waste pipe
