Civics Gr10: Unit Test Two Pratice Questions Flashcards by khail2

What is the main role of the Executive Power in Canada?
* Creating new laws
* Managing and applying laws
* Interpreting laws
* Critiquing government decisions

Answer: Managing and applying laws

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Which group is NOT part of Canada’s Executive Power?
* The Prime Minister
* The Cabinet
* The Monarch
* The Senate

Answer: The Senate

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Who represents the Monarch in Canada’s government?
* The Prime Minister
* The Chief Justice
* The Governor General
* The Speaker of the House

Answer: The Governor General

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Who is the head of government in Canada?
* The Monarch
* The Governor General
* The Prime Minister
* The Speaker of the Senate

Answer: The Prime Minister

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What are Cabinet members often called?
* Judges
* Ministers
* Representatives
* Senators

Answer: Ministers

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What is the role of Cabinet ministers?
* Criticizing the government
* Creating laws
* Controlling everyday aspects of the government
* Representing the Monarch

Answer: Controlling everyday aspects of the government

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What is the Shadow Cabinet responsible for?
* Running the government
* Proposing laws
* Enforcing laws
* Critiquing the current government’s decisions

Answer: Critiquing the current government’s decisions

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Which two bodies make up the Legislative Power in Canada?
* Cabinet and Prime Minister
* Senate and House of Commons
* Prime Minister and Monarch
* House of Commons and Supreme Court

Answer: Senate and House of Commons

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How are members of the House of Commons chosen?
* Appointed by the Monarch
* Selected by Cabinet
* Elected by the public
* Nominated by Senators

Answer: Elected by the public

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How are Senators selected in Canada?
* Elected by citizens
* Drawn from a lottery
* Appointed
* Inherited through family

Answer: Appointed

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What is the main role of the Legislative Power?
* Interpreting laws
* Critiquing decisions
* Enforcing the Constitution
* Creating, changing, and removing laws

Answer: Creating, changing, and removing laws

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What does the Judicial Power do?
* Enforces and applies punishments
* Creates and removes laws
* Critiques government policies
* Appoints Senators

Answer: Enforces and applies punishments

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What is the primary responsibility of the Judicial Power in Canada?
* Running elections
* Interpreting laws and determining punishments
* Creating new laws
* Controlling taxes

Answer: Interpreting laws and determining punishments

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What three parts make up Canada’s Parliament?
* Monarch, Senate, House of Commons
* Prime Minister, Cabinet, Governor General
* Senate, House of Commons, Cabinet
* Monarch, Prime Minister, Judiciary

Answer: Monarch, Senate, House of Commons

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In a Constitutional Monarchy like Canada, who is the head of state?
* The Prime Minister
* The Speaker of the House
* The Cabinet
* The Monarch

Answer: The Monarch

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Name all three branches of government in Canada and briefly describe what each is responsible for.

Answer:
* Executive: Applies and manages laws.
* Legislative: Creates, changes, and removes laws.
* Judicial: Interprets laws and applies punishments.

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Who makes up the Executive branch in Canada?

Answer: The Monarch (represented by the Governor General), the Prime Minister, and the Cabinet.

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What is the difference between the Cabinet and the Shadow Cabinet?

Answer: The Cabinet is made of high-ranking members from the ruling political party who run day-to-day operations; the Shadow Cabinet is from opposition parties and critiques the government’s actions.

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What is a Constitutional Monarchy, and how does it apply to Canada?

Answer: A system where the Monarch is the ceremonial head of state and the Prime Minister runs the government; Canada follows this system.

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What are ministers, and what do they do? Give two examples.

Answer: Ministers are Cabinet members responsible for specific government areas, such as the Ministers of Health and National Defense.

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Which level of government gives Canada’s territories their legislative authority?
* The provinces
* The Constitution
* The federal government
* The municipal government

Answer: The federal government

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What type of responsibilities does the federal government handle?
* Local services like garbage collection
* Powers listed in the Constitution Act of 1867 that affect the whole country
* Zoning and construction permits
* Managing natural resources

Answer: Powers listed in the Constitution Act of 1867 that affect the whole country

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Which of the following is NOT a responsibility of the federal government?
* Employment Insurance
* Foreign Affairs
* Education
* Criminal Code

Answer: Education

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Which of the following is a responsibility of the provincial government?
* Postal services
* Copyright
* Highways
* Federal taxes

Answer: Highways

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Who leads a provincial government? * The Prime Minister * The Governor General * A Mayor * A Premier

Answer: A Premier

Which of these is an example of a Premier? * Justin Trudeau * King Charles III * Doug Ford * Mary Simon

Answer: Doug Ford

Which area is governed by municipal governments? * Foreign trade agreements * The national banking system * Garbage and recycling services * Marriage laws

Answer: Garbage and recycling services

What is one service not handled by municipal governments? * Fire and paramedic services * National defense * Water services * Animal control

Answer: National defense

Which level of government handles construction and zoning permits? * Federal * Provincial * Territorial * Municipal

Answer: Municipal

Which two sectors are shared responsibilities between the federal and provincial governments? * Foreign affairs and property rights * Immigration and agriculture * National defense and education * Municipal roads and civil rights

Answer: Immigration and agriculture

What happens if both the federal and provincial governments pass laws about immigration or agriculture? * Provincial laws override federal laws * Only municipal laws apply * Federal laws take priority * The Supreme Court chooses which applies

Answer: Federal laws take priority

According to Section 95 of the Constitution Act, 1867, which law has more authority when federal and provincial laws overlap in shared sectors? * Municipal law * Provincial law * Federal law * Indigenous law

Answer: Federal law

What are Band Councils? * Courts for First Nations * Provincial programs for housing * Collective governments of First Nations * Local federal police councils

Answer: Collective governments of First Nations

How often are Band Councils usually elected? * Every year * Every 2 years * Every 4 years * Every 5 years

Answer: Every 2 years

What piece of legislation defines or authorizes the Band Council election process? * Section 95 of the Constitution * The Indian Act * The Municipal Code * The Charter of Rights and Freedoms

Answer: The Indian Act

Why were agriculture and immigration considered so important in 1867? * They were controlled by municipal governments * They had no real effect on Canada’s development * They were important to the nation’s growth * They were required by British law

Answer: They were important to the nation’s growth

What are some responsibilities of the federal government listed in the Constitution Act of 1867?

Answer: National Defense, Foreign Affairs, Employment Insurance, Banks, Federal Taxes, Postal Services, Copyright, Criminal Code.

What are equalization payments? * Payments from municipalities to the provinces * Payments from citizens to the federal government * Extra funding from the federal government to provinces with lower income * Salaries paid to elected officials

Answer: Extra funding from the federal government to provinces with lower income

What is the purpose of equalization payments?

Answer: To help provinces with lower income maintain equal standards of healthcare, education, and overall quality of living across Canada.

What are the two scales used in the political spectrum? * Economic and political * Personal and international * Economic/fiscal and social/personal * Environmental and fiscal

Answer: Economic/fiscal and social/personal

Which quadrant of the political spectrum supports high personal and low economic freedom? * Conservative * Authoritarian * Libertarian * Liberal

Answer: Liberal

Which political quadrant supports economic freedom but restricts personal freedom? * Libertarian * Liberal * Authoritarian * Conservative

Answer: Conservative

Which quadrant values both high economic and high personal freedom? * Libertarian * Liberal * Conservative * Authoritarian

Answer: Libertarian

Which quadrant supports low personal and low economic freedom? * Conservative * Libertarian * Authoritarian * Liberal

Answer: Authoritarian

Where on the political spectrum does the NDP fall? * Conservative quadrant * Authoritarian quadrant * Liberal quadrant * Libertarian quadrant

Answer: Liberal quadrant

Why is the NDP in the liberal quadrant? * They prioritize economic freedom over personal freedom * They value personal freedom but not economic freedom * They restrict both freedoms * They are neutral on all policies

Answer: They value personal freedom but not economic freedom

Which party is known for its strong distaste for personal freedom? * Green Party * Liberal Party * PPC * NDP

Answer: PPC

Where does the PPC fall on the political spectrum? * Libertarian * Liberal * Conservative * Authoritarian

Answer: Conservative

Why is the PPC placed in the conservative quadrant? * It supports low personal and economic freedom * It restricts all freedoms * It promotes high economic and low personal freedom * It is centrist

Answer: It promotes high economic and low personal freedom

here does the Conservative Party fall on the spectrum? * Liberal quadrant * Authoritarian quadrant * Libertarian quadrant * Conservative quadrant

Answer: Conservative quadrant

What kind of freedom does the Conservative Party prioritize? * More economic, less personal * More personal, less economic * Low economic and personal * Both economic and personal

Answer: More economic, less personal

Where is the Green Party located on the political spectrum? * Conservative quadrant * Liberal quadrant * Libertarian quadrant * Authoritarian quadrant

Answer: Liberal quadrant

Where does the Liberal Party fall on the political spectrum? * Firmly conservative * Strongly libertarian * Mostly centrist, but slightly liberal * Strongly authoritarian

Answer: Mostly centrist, but slightly liberal

Why is the Green Party in the liberal quadrant? * They support limited government control * They focus on economic growth * They prioritize personal freedom over economic freedom * They value low personal and economic freedom

Answer: They prioritize personal freedom over economic freedom

What are the four quadrants of the political spectrum and what kind of freedoms do they each value?

Answer: * Liberal: High personal, low economic freedom * Libertarian: High personal and economic freedom * Conservative: High economic, low personal freedom * Authoritarian: Low personal and economic freedom

Explain why the Liberal Party is slightly more liberal than conservative.

Answer: Because it leans more toward personal freedom than economic freedom, though it is still close to the center.

Why are the NDP and Green Party both placed in the liberal quadrant of the political spectrum?

Answer: Because they both prioritize personal freedom over economic freedom.

In a federal election, what is a riding? * A political party’s office * The Prime Minister’s region * An electoral district * A province

Answer: An electoral district

How often are federal elections typically held in practice? * Every 2 years * Every 4 years * Every 5 years * Every 6 years

Answer: Every 4 years

How often must federal elections be held in Canada, according to the Constitution Act? * At least once every 3 years * At least once every 4 years * At least once every 5 years * At least once every 10 years

Answer: At least once every 5 years

What do federal elections in Canada decide? * Who becomes Premier of each province * Who represents Canadians in the House of Commons * Who becomes Governor General * Who forms the provincial legislature

Answer: Who represents Canadians in the House of Commons

How many ridings are there in Canada? * 112 * 200 * 308 * 338

Answer: 338

What is another word for “riding”? * Cabinet * Constituency * Bill * District court

Answer: Constituency

Who becomes a Member of Parliament (MP)? * The person who wins the national popular vote * The candidate with the most votes in their riding * The leader of the political party * The Governor General’s nominee

Answer: The candidate with the most votes in their riding

Where do MPs represent their riding? * Toronto * Their local riding office * House of Commons in Ottawa * The Senate

Answer: House of Commons in Ottawa

What system does Canada use for federal elections? * Proportional representation * Mixed member system * Ranked ballot * First past the post

Answer: First past the post

Under the First Past the Post system, who becomes the government? * The party with the most overall votes * The party with the highest number of winning candidates (MPs) * The party with the most money * The party with the largest leader

Answer: The party with the highest number of winning candidates (MPs)

Who becomes Prime Minister after an election? * The most popular MP * The Governor General * The leader of the winning party * The Speaker of the House

Answer: The leader of the winning party

What is an independent candidate? * A candidate nominated by the Prime Minister * A person representing multiple parties * A person running without any political party * A senator appointed for a riding

Answer: A person running without any political party

Can someone run in a riding without being part of a political party? * Yes, as an independent candidate * No, party affiliation is required * Only in provincial elections * Only if nominated by the Senate

Answer: Yes, as an independent candidate

Can a political party choose not to run a candidate in a riding? * No, every party must run in every riding * Yes, it’s optional * Only during referendums * Only if the Prime Minister approves

Answer: Yes, it’s optional

Short Answer: What is the name of the voting system used in Canadian federal elections?

Answer: First Past the Post

How many ridings are there in Canada?

Answer: 338

What is the role of an MP?

Answer: An MP represents their riding in the House of Commons in Ottawa.

How does a political party form the government in Canada?

Answer: By having the most candidates win in their ridings under the first-past-the-post system.

Which electoral system is currently used in Canada? * Instant Runoff * Proportional Representation * First Past the Post * Mixed Member Proportional Representation

Answer: First Past the Post

Under First Past the Post, who becomes Prime Minister? * The leader of the most popular party * The leader of the party with the most ridings won * The most experienced MP * A candidate chosen by the Senate

Answer: The leader of the party with the most ridings won

What is a major pro of First Past the Post? * Encourages coalition governments * It’s a very rapid system * It’s simple and efficient * Requires ranked ballots

Answer: It’s simple and efficient

What is a major con of First Past the Post? * It requires two votes per person * The percentage of the popular vote doesn’t matter * It leads to longer elections * It helps small parties win more seats

Answer: The percentage of the popular vote doesn’t matter

Why might someone feel their vote is “pointless” under First Past the Post? * All votes are counted manually * They don’t live near a riding * They consistently vote for a party that rarely wins in their area * Voting is mandatory

Answer: They consistently vote for a party that rarely wins in their area

What is another name for the electoral system that uses ranked voting? * Proportional Representation * Instant Runoff * Mixed Member * Majority Mandate

Answer: Instant Runoff

What is required to win a riding under the Instant Runoff system? * 45% of the vote * Most first-place votes * Over 50.1% of the vote * Approval of party leader

Answer: Over 50.1% of the vote

In Instant Runoff, what happens if no candidate gets over 50.1% of the vote? * A new election is held * The lowest candidate is eliminated and their votes are redistributed * The party with the most candidates wins * The Governor General decides

Answer: The lowest candidate is eliminated and their votes are redistributed according to the voter's second/third option.

What is a pro of the Instant Runoff system? * Fewer voters are needed * Strategic voting is minimized * It’s faster than First Past the Post * Voters don’t need to rank candidates

Answer: Strategic voting is minimized

What is a con of the Instant Runoff system? * It leads to high partisanship * It’s too simple * It’s time consuming and costly * It doesn’t represent voters accurately

Answer: It’s time consuming and costly

What does Proportional Representation base seat distribution on? * Number of ridings * Party fundraising totals * Party leader popularity * Percentage of total votes

Answer: Percentage of total votes

What is a benefit of Proportional Representation? * Helps create more minority governments * Speeds up legislation * Gives larger parties more power * Reduces the number of parties in Parliament

Answer: Helps create more minority governments

What is a disadvantage of Proportional Representation? * It doesn’t include small parties * It leads to longer, more stable governments * It makes legislation harder to pass quickly * It gives all seats to one party

Answer: It makes legislation harder to pass quickly

Short Answer: How are seats divided in Mixed Member Proportional Representation?

Answer: 50% based on a local vote (like FPTP), and 50% based on a party vote using a closed list system.

What is one major pro of Mixed Member Proportional Representation?

Answer: It provides fairer and more diverse representation.

Short Answer: Why might voters be confused by the MMPR system?

Answer: Because it is more complex and involves two votes per person.

What does the first vote in MMPR decide? * The party’s popularity * The local candidate * The Prime Minister * The Senate

Answer: The local candidate

What does the second vote in MMPR decide? * The next election date * The local mayor * The political party’s share of seats * The number of ridings

Answer: The political party’s share of seats

Why are coalition governments more common under MMPR? * MMPR forces small parties to merge * Voters can only vote for parties, not people * Seats are divided among many parties, requiring collaboration * Each party is guaranteed a set number of seats

Answer: Seats are divided among many parties, requiring collaboration

What is a potential con of coalition governments formed through MMPR? * They are too stable * They act too quickly * They can be unstable and slow to act * They exclude large parties

Answer: They can be unstable and slow to act

What is a political platform? * A school policy about attendance * A category of foreign affairs * A collection of a party’s “big ideas” and principles * A short-term government rule

Answer: A collection of a party’s “big ideas” and principles

What is a political policy? * A broad idea about party values * The plan for a campaign launch * A detailed instruction or decision under a platform * A list of ridings where a party will campaign

Answer: A detailed instruction or decision under a platform

Which of the following is an example of a policy? * “We fight for people, and deliver the help that families need first.” * “Let’s fight climate change and leave a safe and healthy environment for our children.” * “Schools have an attendance policy.” * “Let’s build more homes for the middle class.”

Answer: “Schools have an attendance policy.”

Which category is commonly used to organize political policies? * Electoral Reform * Leadership Principles * Economical, Social, Foreign Affairs * Indigenous Inclusion

Answer: Economical, Social, Foreign Affairs

Which of these best describes the role of a platform in a political party? * It enforces laws * It creates voting districts * It outlines the party’s guiding ideas and future direction * It lists each candidate’s education

Answer: It outlines the party’s guiding ideas and future direction

What would most likely be found in a political platform? * A daily class attendance log * A new bus route * A party’s values and long-term goals * A single school’s budget

Answer: A party’s values and long-term goals

Short Answer: What is the difference between a platform and a policy?

Answer: A platform outlines the party’s big ideas and principles, while a policy is a more specific decision or instruction based on the platform.

Short Answer: Give two examples of a category that political policies can fall under.

Answer: Economic, social, or foreign affairs.

Why are platforms important for political parties?

Answer: They act as a road map for the party’s goals and priorities, helping voters understand what the party stands for.

Which party’s platform included “$10 a day child care”? * NDP * Green Party * Conservative Party * Liberal Party

Answer: Liberal Party

Which party platform said: “We don’t answer to the powerful. We fight for people…”? * Green Party * Conservative Party * Liberal Party * NDP

Answer: NDP

Which platform promised to “make the wealthiest pay their fair share”? * Liberal Party * Green Party * NDP * Conservative Party

Answer: Green Party

What is one purpose of including platform statements like “Let’s come together to fight systemic racism”? * To provide entertainment * To describe election rules * To show party values and priorities * To summarize polling data

Answer: To show party values and priorities

Which of the following would not be considered part of a platform? * Belief in climate action * Statement about reducing income taxes * Foreign policy on trade * The party leader’s age

Answer: The party leader’s age

A political policy is usually: * A short campaign ad * A public speech * A specific decision that supports the party’s broader platform * A poll result

Answer: A specific decision that supports the party’s broader platform

Short Answer: What kind of language do platforms usually use to express their goals?

Answer: Inspirational or value-driven language that emphasizes principles and priorities.

Short Answer: Which party’s platform includes removing fees for first-time homebuyers and holding big landlords accountable?

Answer: Green Party

What is legislation? * A political platform idea * A campaign slogan * A written law that provides rules of conduct * A summary of party goals

Answer: A written law that provides rules of conduct

What must happen for legislation to become law in Canada? * It must be posted on the government website * It must win a federal election * It must be approved by Parliament * It must be signed by all MPs

Answer: It must be approved by Parliament

Which of the following bodies is NOT typically involved in the 7-step legislative process? * House of Commons * Department of Justice * Supreme Court of Canada * Parliamentary Committees

Answer: Supreme Court of Canada

How is the legislative process usually completed? * When the bill is approved by the media * When the bill is signed by the opposition * When the bill is struck down or given Royal Assent * When the public votes on it

Answer: When the bill is struck down or given Royal Assent

Who gives Royal Assent to a bill in Canada? * Prime Minister * Senate Speaker * Governor General * Chief Justice

Answer: Governor General

What are Public Bills? * Bills that apply only to one company * Proposals that affect the general public * Party campaign promises * Laws made by the Prime Minister alone

Answer: Proposals that affect the general public

Laws can come into force in all the following ways EXCEPT: * On a day or days specified in the Act * On a day set by the Governor in Council * Immediately after Royal Assent, always * On a day chosen by the Minister of Finance

Answer: On a day chosen by the Minister of Finance

Who usually introduces Public Bills? * Judges * Government Ministers * Private citizens * City councillors

Answer: Government Ministers

What is the numbering range for Government Public Bills introduced in the House of Commons? * C-201 to C-1000 * C-200 to C-500 * S-1000 to S-200 * C-1 to C-200

Answer: C-1 to C-200

What is the numbering range for Government Bills introduced first in the Senate? * C-1 to C-200 * S-1 and onward * S-201 to S-1000 * S-1001 and higher

Answer: S-1 and onward

What are Private Bills? * Laws meant for all Canadians * Laws that apply to specific individuals or groups * Government policy drafts * Parliamentary rules

Answer: Laws that apply to specific individuals or groups

What is a key feature of Private Bills? * They are voted on by the public * They affect the entire population equally * They confer or remove rights for specific people/groups * They cannot be introduced by private citizens

Answer: They confer or remove rights for specific people/groups

C/S-201 to 1000 are used for which type of bills? * Public Government Bills * Private Bills * Private Member’s Bills * Emergency Bills

Answer: Private Member’s Bills

What type of bill is most Private Member’s Bills? * Private in nature * Public in nature * Introduced by Cabinet * Approved by the Senate only

Answer: Public in nature

Private Bills are usually numbered starting from: * C/S-1 * C/S-100 * C/S-1001 * C/S-2000

Answer: C/S-1001

Short Answer: What are the two ways laws can come into force after Royal Assent?

Answer: On a day specified in the Act, or on a day set by the Governor in Council.

Short Answer: Who is the Governor in Council?

Answer: The Governor General acting on the advice of the federal Cabinet.

Short Answer: What’s the difference between Public Bills and Private Bills?

Answer: Public Bills affect the general public, while Private Bills affect specific individuals or groups.

1. What is the highest court in Canada? * Supreme Court of Canada * Federal Court of Appeal * Provincial Superior Court * Court Martial Appeal Court

Answer: Supreme Court of Canada

What is the main role of courts in Canada? * To write new laws * To run elections * To interpret and apply laws * To create political platforms

Answer: To interpret and apply laws

Which court hears the most serious criminal and civil cases in a province? * Provincial/Territorial Court * Federal Court * Provincial Superior Court * Court of Appeal

Answer: Provincial Superior Court

What court deals with most criminal offences, except the most serious ones? * Supreme Court * Federal Court * Provincial/Territorial Court * Tax Court

Answer: Provincial/Territorial Court

What is a preliminary inquiry? (Short answer)

Short answer: A hearing to determine whether there is enough evidence to justify a full trial in serious criminal cases.

What is one type of law developed by courts based on previous decisions? * Political law * Administrative law * Precedent (common law) * Military law

Answer: Precedent (common law)

What court handles traffic and bylaw violations? * Tax Court of Canada * Federal Court of Appeal * Provincial/Territorial Court * Supreme Court

Answer: Provincial/Territorial Court

What is the purpose of the Federal Court of Appeal?

Short answer: To ensure consistent application of federal law, conduct judicial reviews, and hear appeals from the Federal Court and Tax Court of Canada.

How many justices are on the Supreme Court of Canada? * 7 * 9 * 11 * 12

Answer: 9

What court deals with civil claims involving small amounts of money? * Superior Court * Federal Court * Supreme Court * Provincial/Territorial Court

Answer: Provincial/Territorial Court

What happens before a case can be heard by the Supreme Court? * Must be approved by the Governor General * Must be approved by the Cabinet * Must receive leave (permission) from the court * Must be passed by Parliament

Answer: Must receive leave (permission) from the court

Which court hears military cases before they reach the Supreme Court? * Tax Court * Court Martial Appeal Court * Provincial Court * Arbitration Court

Answer: Court Martial Appeal Court

What is a civil case?

Short answer: A legal dispute between two or more parties that usually involves personal rights or obligations rather than criminal matters.

How many sessions does the Supreme Court of Canada sit per year? * Two * Three * Four * Five

Answer: Three

What alternative dispute method involves a neutral party helping people come to a mutual agreement? * Arbitration * Mediation * Litigation * Negotiation

Answer: Mediation

What type of case would likely go to the Tax Court of Canada? * Divorce dispute * Traffic offence * Citizenship appeal * Income tax disagreement

Answer: Income tax disagreement

What is the average number of appeals the Supreme Court of Canada hears annually? * 20–30 * 50–60 * 65–80 * 100–120

Answer: 65–80

Who appoints justices to the Supreme Court of Canada? * The provinces * The people by election * The Governor General alone * The federal government

Answer: The federal government

What is negotiation in conflict resolution?

Short answer: When the parties directly discuss and resolve a conflict without involving a third party.

What do administrative tribunals do? * Hold federal elections * Handle cases about constitutional rights * Resolve disputes in specific areas (e.g., labor, human rights) * Appoint judges

Answer: Resolve disputes in specific areas (e.g., labor, human rights)

What type of court would hear an intellectual property case? * Superior Court * Federal Court * Small Claims Court * Military Court

Answer: Federal Court

What happens if a case begins in the Tax Court of Canada?

Short answer: It may be appealed to the Federal Court of Appeal and then to the Supreme Court of Canada.

What’s the purpose of judicial reviews by the Federal Court of Appeal? * To investigate crime * To create legislation * To review decisions of certain federal bodies * To elect Members of Parliament

Answer: To review decisions of certain federal bodies

. What kind of law does the Supreme Court of Canada have jurisdiction over? * Only criminal law * Only civil law * Only family law * All areas of Canadian law Answer: All areas of Canadian law

Answer: All areas of Canadian law

When can a law come into force?

Short answer: On a day specified in the Act or on a day set by the Governor in Council.

What court hears appeals from the Tax Court of Canada? * Supreme Court * Federal Court of Appeal * Superior Court * Court Martial Appeal Court

Answer: Federal Court of Appeal

What type of cases do Provincial Superior Courts NOT handle? * Divorce * Large civil disputes * Bylaw violations * Serious criminal cases

Answer: Bylaw violations

hat is the role of the Supreme Court during a trial? * Collects evidence * Cross-examines witnesses * Decides guilt or innocence * Hears appeals only

Answer: Hears appeals only

What is the maximum amount for small claims court in Ontario? * $15,000 * $25,000 * $35,000 * $50,000

Answer: $35,000

How does arbitration differ from mediation?

Short answer: In arbitration, a third party makes a binding decision; in mediation, the third party helps the parties reach an agreement.

Which court ensures that federal law is applied consistently across Canada? * Provincial Court of Appeal * Federal Court of Appeal * Supreme Court * Tax Court

Answer: Federal Court of Appeal

What kinds of disputes are heard in the Federal Court?

Short answer: Disputes involving federal-provincial issues, immigration, intellectual property, and other federal matters.

What is required before the Supreme Court agrees to hear a case? * Vote in Parliament * Referral from a lawyer * Leave to appeal * Approval by a province

Answer: Leave to appeal

Who helps parties sort out disputes through mediation? * A judge * A lawyer * A neutral third party * A jury

Answer: A neutral third party

How many applications for leave to appeal does the Supreme Court receive each year? * 200–300 * 300–400 * 500–600 * 700–800

Answer: 500–600

Which court handles citizenship appeals? * Supreme Court * Provincial Superior Court * Federal Court * Tax Court

Answer: Federal Court

What is the Supreme Court’s role in setting legal standards?

Short answer: It interprets laws and sets precedents that guide how laws are applied across Canada.

What is one reason someone might choose alternative conflict resolution? * It’s more expensive * It guarantees a win * It avoids lengthy court processes * It uses juries

Answer: It avoids lengthy court processes

What do superior courts require in order to hear an appeal from a lower court? * Mediation attempt * Vote of the public * Reasonable legal grounds * Federal cabinet approval

Answer: Reasonable legal grounds

When the Supreme Court of Canada denies a request for leave to appeal, what explanation does it provide? * A written summary of legal reasoning * A formal letter to the applicant * No reasons are provided * A list of precedent cases that influenced the decision

Answer: No reasons are provided

What does NGO stand for? * Non-Governmental Organization * National Government Operation * Nonprofit Government Office * New Global Outreach

Answer: Non-Governmental Organization

Are NGOs controlled by the government? * Yes * No * Only during emergencies * Only when funded by taxes

Answer: No

What type of organization is an NGO in terms of profit? * For-profit * Government-funded * Non-profit * Corporation

Answer: Non-profit

True or False: NGOs can have large budgets despite being non-profit.

Answer: True

What is the primary focus of operational NGOs? * Influencing laws * Design and implementation of development projects * Political campaigning * Organizing protests

Answer: Design and implementation of development projects

. Name one example of a project an operational NGO might focus on.

Answer: Conservation efforts / Vaccine implementation / Malaria prevention (any one)

Which of the following is an example of an operational NGO? * Amnesty International * Greenpeace * Doctors Without Borders (MSF) * International Rescue Committee

Answer: Doctors Without Borders (MSF)

What is the main goal of advocacy NGOs? * To manage local governments * To make profits * To defend or promote specific causes and influence public policy * To fund police services

Answer: To defend or promote specific causes and influence public policy

Which of the following best describes the focus of advocacy NGOs? * Building infrastructure * Designing community centers * Promoting human rights, healthcare, and education reform * Providing disaster relief supplies

Answer: Promoting human rights, healthcare, and education reform

Which of the following is an advocacy NGO? * CARE International * Save the Children * Doctors Without Borders * Amnesty International

Answer: Amnesty International

. True or False: All NGOs are run by the government.

Answer: False

What kind of NGOs would likely work on a project to improve access to clean water in rural areas?

Answer: Operational NGOs

Which NGO focuses on children’s welfare through development projects? * Save the Children * Greenpeace * Amnesty International * IRC

Answer: Save the Children

What type of NGO is Greenpeace classified as? * Operational NGO * Advocacy NGO * Government agency * Community outreach group

Answer: Advocacy NGO

True or False: NGOs are always small with limited funding.

Answer: False

Which NGO is known for providing emergency humanitarian aid through medical assistance? * Doctors Without Borders (MSF) * Amnesty International * Greenpeace * International Rescue Committee

Answer: Doctors Without Borders (MSF)

Which type of NGO would likely organize a campaign to change environmental laws?

Answer: Advocacy NGO

Can NGOs influence public policy?

Answer: Yes

Which of the following NGOs focuses on global environmental issues? * CARE International * Greenpeace * Save the Children * IRC

Answer: Greenpeace

Name one NGO that falls under the advocacy category.

Answer: Amnesty International / Greenpeace / International Rescue Committee (IRC) (any one)

Which of the following best highlights the independence of NGOs? * They receive funding only from governments * They are controlled by political parties * They are formed independently of government control * They are for-profit organizations

Answer: They are formed independently of government control

Which feature of NGOs might surprise people despite their non-profit status? * They avoid international work * They always work with governments * They can still operate with large budgets * They never hire full-time staff

Answer: They can still operate with large budgets

Which type of NGO is most likely to participate in public protests or lobbying efforts? * Operational NGOs * Corporate NGOs * Advocacy NGOs * Environmental foundations

Answer: Advocacy NGOs

Which of the following is a key difference between Operational and Advocacy NGOs? * Only operational NGOs are international * Advocacy NGOs focus on causes, while operational NGOs focus on project implementation * Operational NGOs promote laws, while advocacy NGOs create laws * Advocacy NGOs do not receive any funding

Answer: Advocacy NGOs focus on causes, while operational NGOs focus on project implementation.

What is a ward used for? * Electing provincial premiers * Electing federal MPs * Electing school board trustees, councillors, and mayors * Electing senators

Answer: Electing school board trustees, councillors, and mayors

What is the difference between wards and ridings? * Wards are smaller than ridings * Wards and ridings are different areas * Wards and ridings are the same areas but used for different elections * Ridings are used for international elections

Answer: Wards and ridings are the same areas but used for different elections

What is a district used for? * Electing school board trustees * Electing senators * Electing provincial or territorial premiers * Electing federal cabinet members

Answer: Electing provincial or territorial premiers

Wards and districts are both based on what type of area? * Private land * Electoral boundaries * Parliamentary buildings * Federal regions

Answer: Electoral boundaries

Who officially dissolves Parliament? * The Speaker of the House * The Prime Minister * The Governor General * The Senate

Answer: The Governor General

What must the Prime Minister do to start a federal election?

Short answer: Ask the Governor General to dissolve Parliament.

Can the Governor General refuse the Prime Minister’s request to dissolve Parliament? * Yes * No * Only during emergencies * Only with Senate approval

Answer: Yes

What is one reason Parliament might be dissolved? * A new law is passed * A majority of MPs vote in favor of a non-confidence motion * The Speaker resigns * The Senate makes a recommendation

Answer: A majority of MPs vote in favor of a non-confidence motion

What is a non-confidence vote?

Short answer: A vote where a majority of MPs vote against the government, often due to rejection of a key bill, like the budget.

What is one criticism of calling an early election? * It weakens democracy * It increases Senate power * It causes confusion * It is very costly

Answer: It is very costly

How much did the 2021 federal election cost Canadian taxpayers? * $310 million * $410 million * $610 million * $810 million

Answer: $610 million

What is one financial reason a government might call an early election?

Short answer: They believe they could win more seats and strengthen their mandate.

What is a key belief of right-leaning/conservative fiscal policy? * Government should play a minimal role in the economy * Government services should be limited * Government can play a positive role in managing the economy * Inequality is not a concern

Answer: Government can play a positive role in managing the economy

According to conservative fiscal views, who should pay more taxes? * Everyone equally * Only small businesses * The middle class * Wealthy individuals and corporations

Answer: Everyone equally

What is one reason liberals/leftists support higher taxes and debt?

Short answer: To ensure government services like education and healthcare are sufficient.

What is a central idea of left-leaning/liberal fiscal policy? * The government should limit services * Inequality is not a concern * Smaller government is better * Businesses and individuals should receive as much support as possible

Answer: Businesses and individuals should receive as much support as possible

How do conservative views treat business policies that help the environment? * They avoid them * They oppose them * They support them for the greater good * They leave it to the free market

Answer: They leave it to the free market

What do liberals believe about economic inequality? * It must be avoided * It is natural and not a concern * It should be fixed through taxation * It only exists in big cities

Answer: It should be fixed through taxation

How do left-leaning views approach taxation? * Taxes should be as low as possible * Taxes should be progressive * Taxes are unnecessary * Only corporations should be taxed

Answer: Taxes should be as low as possible

What do left-leaning policies believe about government regulation? * Regulation is necessary for equity * The government must control all industries * Regulation is not needed because the market will self-regulate * The public should vote on each regulation

Answer: Regulation is not needed because the market will self-regulate

What is one example of a bill that could lead to a non-confidence vote if it fails?

Short answer: The federal budget

Why might a government avoid going into debt, according to right-leaning beliefs? * Debt lowers GDP * It reflects badly on MPs * They believe in low taxes and small government * Debt leads to more elections

Answer: They believe in low taxes and small government

What is one concern right-leaning views have about income inequality? * It’s a natural result of capitalism * It should be avoided as much as possible * It encourages entrepreneurship * It makes tax policy easier

Answer: It should be avoided as much as possible

What is one reason a government might want to call an early election (besides mandate end)? * They are required by law * They have fewer seats than expected * They hope to gain more seats * They need Senate approval

Answer: They hope to gain more seats

What does the dissolution of Parliament mean?

Short answer: It is the formal end of a parliamentary session and the official call for a federal election.

Civics Gr10: Unit Test Two Pratice Questions Flashcards

2.1 - Levels/Powers of Government 2.2 - Political Spectrum 2.4 - Canadian Elections 2.5 - Policy and Platforms 2.6 - Bills and Laws 2.7 - Canada's Courts 2.8 - NGOs