civics and citizenship Flashcards
bill
a proposed law this is before a rule when they just deciding a case
Legislation or statutory law
this is the process when bill become laws
parliment all there parts
the national or state
law-making body that is made up
of elected representatives in both
the upper and lower houses with
a head of state
the hose of reps
The House of Representatives is often referred to as the lower house, and its members, known as Members of Parliament (MPs), are elected by the public to represent electoral divisions.
sente
the upper house eg the house of review
the speaker
to keep order in house ( to make sure everyone is in order )
ministers
members of parliament who are responsible for specific areas eg health, education
shadow minsters
are the ministers for the opposing party they inspect the work closely and critically
the opposition
the party that is not in power and they challenges the government decisions (have fewer seats )
The goverment
the party that makes decisions for the state, it is made up of who has the most seats
common law
where laws are developed by judges through decisions made in court based on the precent
Precedent
a previous case or an example used to guide another case eg Donoghue v. Stevenson has used a precedent in Grant v. Australian Knitting Mills as the manufacturers had a duty of care to their consumers.
court hierarchy
the rate of different courts
eg magistrate’s, District, supreme, court of appeals then high court
Adversarial system
is when the 2 sides eg the defence and prosecution argue there case in front of the jury or judge and then they decide the out come
appeals
this is when someone does not like the out come of their case then they will take it up to the court higher for rejudging
