Civics Flashcards
1
Q
Civic Life
A
the public life of citizens concerned with affairs of the community and nation
2
Q
Civil Society
A
refers to the complex network of freely formed voluntary political, social, and economic associations (ex. labor unions, youth organizations, and clubs). It prevents the abuse or excessive concentration of power by government.
3
Q
Government
A
the formal institutions and processes of a politically organized society with authority to make, enforce, and interpret laws and other binding rules about matters of common interest and concern. The term “government” also refers to the group of people who exercise decision-making power or enforce laws and regulations.
4
Q
Politics
A
is a process by which people reach collective decisions that are generally regarded as binding and enforced as common policy
5
Q
Marbury vs. Madison 1803
A
Judicial Review
6
Q
McCulloch v. Maryland 1819
A
Federal Government had the right and power to set up a Federal bank and that states did not have the power to tax the Federal Government.
7
Q
How many articles does the Constitution have? What are they?
A
Seven.
1. Legislative Branch
2. Executive Branch
3. Judicial Branch
4. Relations Among States
5. Amending the Constitution
6. Supremacy of the Constitution
7. Ratification
8
Q
Gibbons v. Ogden 1824
A
federal government has exclusive power over interstate commerce.
9
Q
Popular Sovereignty
A
A government based on the consent of the people
10
Q
Republicanism
A
A theory of government that emphasizes the participation of citizens for the common good of the community. All citizens are equally subjected to the laws.
11
Q
Dred Scott v. Standford 1857
A
Americans of African descent, whether free or slave, were not American citizens and could not sue in federal court. The Court also ruled that Congress lacked power to ban slavery in the U.S. territories.
12
Q
Rule of Law
A
Rulers aren’t above the law but are subject to it the same as everyone else.
13
Q
Munn v Illinois 1877
A
States may regulate the use of private property when such regulation becomes necessary for the public good.
14
Q
Plessy v. Ferguson 1896
A
the constitutionality of “separate, but equal facilities” based on race.
15
Q
English Bill of Rights
A
Guaranteed rights: The king must get taxes approved. The king cannot stop free speech in parliament. The king cannot maintain an army in time of peace. The king couldn’t require excessive bail or cruel punishment. The king had to support and obey laws.
16
Q
Lochner v. New York 1905
A
New York law setting maximum working hours for bakers was unconstitutional.
17
Q
Schenck v. United States 1919
A
speech creating a “clear and present danger” is not protected under the First Amendment. This decision shows how the Supreme Court’s interpretation of the First Amendment sometimes sacrifices individual freedoms in order to preserve social order.
18
Q
Near v. Minnesota 1931
A
Court found that a Minnesota law allowing public officials to censor printed news periodicals was unconstitutional
19
Q
Gettysburg Address
A
Lincoln defined the Civil War as a way of securing the Declaration of Independence’s promise of equality of all people. The speech transformed the meaning of the Civil War, which had previously
been about preserving the Union, and compelled a rethinking of the meaning of America’s Founding documents.
20
Q
Korematsu v. United States 1944
A
allowed the federal government to detain a person based on their race during a wartime situation. (Japanese Americans)
21
Q
Magna Carta
A
Stated that governments are agreements between a ruler and people. Two important points: 1. Nobles would obey the king if he protected their rights. 2. Rule of Law/Limited Power
22
Q
Brown v. Board of Education 1954
A
No segregation in schools
23
Q
Mapp v. Ohio 1961
A
evidence obtained illegally may not be used against someone in a court of law by the Fourth Amendment.
24
Q
Mayflower Compact
A
Pilgrims. Two important things: 1. Self-government - ordinary people make laws and govern. 2. Majority rule.
25
Engel v. Vitale 1962
unconstitutional for state officials to compose an official school prayer and encourage its recitation in public schools,
26
Virginia Bill of Rights
Drafted in 1776 to proclaim the inherent rights of men, including the right to reform or abolish "inadequate" government
27
Baker v. Carr 1962
established the right of federal courts to review redistricting issues, which had previously been termed "political questions" outside the courts' jurisdiction.
28
Martin Luther King Jr's Letter from a Birmingham Jail
Written after his arrest for participating in a civil rights march. It was written to specifically address eight clergymen who had opposed his protests against racial segregation and his views on civil rights.
29
Gideon v. Wainwright 1963
Sixth and Fourteenth Amendments guarantee a right of legal counsel to anyone accused of a crime.
30
Miranda v. Arizona 1966
meant to protect an arrested suspect's Constitutional right against compelled self-incrimination.
31
Aristotle's Politics and Ethics
The main idea of Aristotle's politics is that government exists to promote and foster virtue in a way that leads to the good life of its citizens. Aristotle's ethics, or study of character, is built around the premise that people should achieve an excellent character.
32
Tinker v. Des Moines 1968
The court found that the First Amendment applied to public schools, and school officials could not censor student speech unless it disrupted the educational process
33
New York Times v. United States 1971
defended the First Amendment right of free press against prior restraint by the government
34
Texas v. Johnson 1989
burning the flag was protected expression under the First Amendment.
35
Plato's Republic
All social classes get to perform what they are best fit to do and are unified into a single community by mutual interests. In this sense, although each are different, they are all friends.
36
United States v. Lopez 1995
Supreme Court that struck down the Gun-Free School Zones Act of 1990 due to its being outside of Congress's power to regulate interstate commerce.
37
Autocracy
a system of government by one person with absolute power.
38
Confederacy
political union. a union by compact or treaty between states, provinces, or territories, that creates a central government with limited powers
39
Constitutional Government
a government by or operating under an authoritative document (constitution) that sets forth the system of fundamental laws and principles that determines the nature, functions, and limits of that government.
40
Limited Government
limited government is the concept of a government limited in power.
41
Oligarchy
a government in which control is exercised by a small group of individuals whose authority generally is based on wealth or power.
42
Parliamentary System
a government in which members of an executive branch are nominated to their positions by a legislature or parliament
43
Republic
a representative democracy in which the people's elected deputies (representatives), not the people themselves, vote on legislation.
44
Socialism
a government in which the means of planning, producing, and distributing goods is controlled by a central government that theoretically seeks a more just and equitable distribution of property and labor
45
Totalitarianism
a government that seeks to subordinate the individual to the state by controlling not only all political and economic matters, but also the attitudes, values, and beliefs of its population.
46
Boston Massacre
British sentries guarding the Boston Customs House shot into a crowd of civilians, killing three men and injuring eight, two of them mortally.
47
Unitary System
a governing system in which a single central government has total power over all of its other political subdivisions
48
Unlimited Government
Control is placed entirely in the leader's hands and his/her appointees. No limit is placed on the leader's power.
49
Gadsen Purchase
provided the land necessary for a southern transcontinental railroad and attempted to resolve conflicts that lingered after the Mexican-American War.
50
Mexican American War
also known in the United States as the Mexican War, was an invasion of Mexico by the United States Army from 1846 to 1848.
51
Opening of the Panama Canal
Considered one of the wonders of the modern world, the Panama Canal linked the Atlantic and Pacific Oceans and providing a new route for international trade and military transport.
52
Panic of 1837
The Panic of 1837 was a financial crisis in the United States that began a major depression, which lasted until the mid-1840s. Profits, prices, and wages dropped, westward expansion was stalled, unemployment rose, and pessimism abounded. The panic had both domestic and foreign origins.
53
Second Great Awakening
The Second Great Awakening was a Protestant religious revival during the early 19th century in the United States. It spread religion through revivals and emotional preaching and sparked a number of reform movements.
54
Spanish American War
The Spanish–American War began in the aftermath of the internal explosion of USS Maine in Havana Harbor in Cuba, leading to United States intervention in the Cuban War of Independence.
55
Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo
his treaty, signed on February 2, 1848, ended the war between the United States and Mexico. By its terms, Mexico ceded 55 percent of its territory, including the present-day states California, Nevada, Utah, New Mexico, most of Arizona and Colorado, and parts of Oklahoma, Kansas, and Wyoming.
56
Treaty of Paris 1783
The Treaty of Paris, signed in Paris by representatives of King George III of Great Britain and representatives of the United States on September 3, 1783, officially ended the American Revolutionary
57
Vietnam War
While the war was officially fought between North Vietnam and South Vietnam, the north was supported by the Soviet Union, China, and other communist states, ...
58
World War I
World War I or the First World War was a global conflict fought between two coalitions: the Allies and the Central Powers. Fighting took place throughout Europe, the Middle East, Africa, the Pacific, and parts of Asia.
Allies:France, U.K, Russia, U.S, Italy, Japan
Central Powers: Germany, Austria-Hungary, Bulgaria, Ottoman Empire
59
World War II
World War II or the Second World War was a global conflict that lasted from 1939 to 1945. The vast majority of the world's countries, including all the great powers, fought as part of two opposing military alliances: the Allies and the Axis.
Axis: Germany, Italy, Japan
Allies: U.S, Britain, Soviet Union
60
Citizen Test Flash Cards
https://www.uscis.gov/sites/default/files/document/flash-cards/M-623_red_slides.pdf
61
Liberty Bell
Symbol of freedom from London. It rang to mark the signing of the Constitution, call the Assembly together, and to summon people together for special announcements and events.
62
Juneteenth National Independence Day
an annual commemoration of the end of slavery in the United States after the Civil War
63
Qualifications, Number and Terms, Leader:
House of Reps
Qualifications: 25 years old. A citizen for 7 years. State resident. Live in the district you're representing. Number and Terms: 435 representatives. 2 year terms. Unlimited Terms. Leader: Speaker of the House. Chosen by the House of Reps.
64
Qualifications, Number and Terms, Leader:
Senate
Qualifications: 30 years old. A citizen for nine years. State Resident. Number and Terms: 100 Senators. 6 year terms. Unlimited terms. ⅓ of them are elected every two years. Leader: President of the Senate. Vice President
65
Qualifications, Number and Terms, Leader:
Executive Branch
Qualifications: 35 years old. Natural born citizen. 14 years U.S resident. Number and Terms: One president. 4 year terms (created through an amendment). 2 term limit/10 year max. Leader: President Joe Biden.
66
Qualifications, Number and Terms, Leader:
Supreme Court Justices
Qualifications: Must be appointed by the president and confirmed by the Senate (majority rule). Number and Terms: 9 total. 1 Chief Justice and 8 Justices. Life term (under good behavior). Leader: Chief Justice. Chosen amongst themselves.
67
Job of President
Veto Bills (Rejection of a bill). Make Appointments (choose the people) - court justices, cabinet members, ect. Make Treaties. Pardon (federal crimes). Issue Executive Orders. Commander in Chief of the Armed Forces.
68
Job of VP
Leader and tie breaker in the Senate, acts as a companion to the president, and takes over as president if needed.
69
Powers of the Houses
Congress can impose taxes, declare war, organize the court system, and admit new states. The House can start tax bills. The Senate can approve federal appointments and approve treaties.
70
Judicial Powers
Judicial Review is the power to declare laws unconstitutional. Originally, the Constitution only allowed review of acts passed by states, and not the federal government. Now, it includes acts passed by the federal government as well. Supports the Supremacy Clause.
71
Clean Air Act
the law that defines EPA's responsibilities for protecting and improving the nation's air quality and the stratospheric ozone layer
72
Civil Rights Act of 1964
prohibits discrimination on the basis of race, color, religion, sex or national origin.
73
Freedom of Information Act
requires the full or partial disclosure of previously unreleased or uncirculated information and documents controlled by the U.S. government, state, or other public authority upon request
74
No Child Left Behind
required schools to demonstrate their success in terms of the academic achievement of every student.
75
Voting Rights Act of 1965
prohibits racial discrimination in voting
76
CDC. What is it?
Center for Disease Control. national public health agency of the United States.
77
Congressional select committee
temporary committees created with a timeline to complete a specific task created by the House and Senate
78
FCC. What is it?
Federal Communications Commission. independent agency of the United States government that regulates communications by radio, television, wire, satellite, and cable
79
Federal Reserve
The U.S. central banking system. Its core responsibilities include setting interest rates, managing the money supply, and regulating financial markets.
80
First Continental Congress
a compact among the colonies to boycott British goods, unless parliament should revoke the Intolerable Acts.
81
Second Continental Congress
appointed George Washington as commander of the Continental Army, and authorized the raising of the army through a draft
82
FDA.
Food and drug administration. responsible for protecting the public health by assuring the safety, efficacy, and security of human and veterinary drugs, biological products, medical devices, our nation's food supply, cosmetics, and products that emit radiation.
83
NRA. What is it?
National Rifle Association. Guns right advocacy group.
84
NAFTA. What is it?
North American Free Trade Agreement. Eliminated all tariff and non-tariff barriers of trade and investment between the United States, Canada and Mexico.
85
NATO. What is it?
North Atlantic Treaty Organization. Created in 1949 by the United States, Canada, and several Western European nations to provide collective security against the Soviet Union. NATO's fundamental goal is to safeguard the Allies' freedom and security by political and military means.
86
PAC. What is it?
Political Action Committee. Organized for the purpose of raising and spending money to elect and defeat candidates.
87
TVA. What is it?
Tennessee Valley Authority. The new agency was asked to tackle important problems facing the valley, such as flooding, providing electricity to homes and businesses, and replanting forests.
88
What were the thirteen colonies?
New Hampshire, Massachusetts, Rhode Island, Connecticut, New York, New Jersey, Pennsylvania, Delaware, Maryland, Virginia, North Carolina, South Carolina, and Georgia
89
Tuskegee Airmen United Nations
The Tuskegee Airmen were dedicated, determined young men who volunteered to become America's first Black military airmen.
90
Absentee Voting
a vote cast by a person who, because of absence from usual voting district, illness, or the like, has been permitted to vote by mail.
91
Appellate Jurisdiction
the power of a higher court to hear appeals from a lower court.
92
Arbiter
a person that has the legal authority to decide disputes
93
Bill of attainder
legislation that imposes punishment on a specific person or group of people without a judicial trial.
94
Census
Every ten years. A complete count of a population (as of a state)
95
What are civic life, politics, and government?
Citizens need to understand civic life, politics, government, and civil society so they can make informed judgments about what government should and should not do,
how they are to live their lives together, and how they can support the proper use of authority or combat the abuse of political power
96
What are the foundations of the American political system?
The American political system is based on the values and principles of constitutional democracy expressed in such fundamental American documents as the Declaration of Independence; the U.S. Constitution, including the Bill of Rights; the Virginia Statute for Religious Freedom; the Federalist Papers, and anti-federalist
writings
97
How does the government established by the Constitution
embody the purpose, values, and principles of American
democracy?
The system of government established by the Constitution has resulted in limited government and a complex dispersal of powers. As a result, Americans live under the jurisdiction of national, state, and local governments, all of whose powers and responsibilities are separated and shared among different branches and agencies
98
What is the relationship of the United States to other nations and to world affairs?
The United States does not exist in isolation; it is part of an interconnected world in whose development it has played and continues to play an important role. The American political tradition, including the ideas expressed in the Declaration of Independence, the U.S. Constitution, and the Bill of Rights, has had a profound influence abroad
99
What are the roles of citizens in American democracy?
Citizenship in American constitutional democracy differs from membership in authoritarian or totalitarian regimes. In the United States, each citizen is a full and equal member of a self-governing community and is endowed with fundamental
rights and entrusted with responsibilities. Among those responsibilities is seeing that the rights of other individuals are respected
100
101
Civic participation
the involvement of individual constituents or communities in local, state, and national government. Civic involvement can include voting, political activism, volunteering, and community engagement. In short, it is the participation of people in government and democratic processes.
102
Civic Values
Civic values refer to the shared beliefs that members of a community use to guide their behaviors. For example, helping an elderly person cross the street or voting for a candidate that can help society progress are ways in which people act on their civic values.
103
Civil disobedience
the refusal to comply with certain laws or to pay taxes and fines, as a peaceful form of political protest.
104
civil law
the system of law concerned with private relations between members of a community rather than criminal, military, or religious affairs.
105
cloture
a procedure for ending a debate and taking a vote.
"a cloture motion"
106
Commerce clause
The clause states that the United States Congress shall have power "to regulate Commerce with foreign Nations, and among the several States, and with the Indian Tribes"
107
concurrent powers
powers that are shared by both the federal government and state governments.
108
concurring opinion
a written opinion by one or more judges of a court which agrees with the decision made by the majority of the court, but states different reasons as the basis for their decision.
109
connecticut compromise
he Connecticut Compromise was an agreement reached during the Constitutional Convention of 1787 that in part defined the legislative structure and representation each state would have under the United States Constitution.
110
constituent
being a voting member of a community or organization and having the power to appoint or elect.
111
containment
the action or policy of preventing the expansion of a hostile country or influence.
112
contiguous
sharing a common border; touching.
"the 48 contiguous states"
113
powers digital
someone's ability to exploit digital data to help influence the behavior of other people on the international level and to achieve its own ends
114
eminent domain
the right of a government or its agent to take away private property for public use, with payment of compensation.
115
enfranchisement
the giving of a right or privilege, especially the right to vote.
"the World War hastened the enfranchisement of women"
116
enumerated powers
the powers granted to the Federal government, and specifically Congress,
117
Equal Protection Clause
he idea that a governmental body may not deny people equal protection of its governing laws.
118
Equal Rights Amendment (ERA)
The Equal Rights Amendment (ERA), first proposed in 1923, is an amendment to the United States Constitution that guarantees equality of rights under the law for all persons re
119
Ex post facto law
An ex post facto law is a law that retroactively changes the legal consequences of actions that were committed, or relationships that existed, before the enactment of the law.
120
Expenditure
the action of spending funds.
"the expenditure of taxpayers' money"
121
filibuster
A filibuster is a political procedure in which one or more members of a legislative body prolong debate on proposed legislation so as to delay or entirely prevent a decision.
122
fiscal policy
the use of government spending and taxation to influence the economy
123
Freddie Mac
The Federal Home Loan Mortgage Corporation, commonly known as Freddie Mac, is a publicly traded, government-sponsored enterprise, The FHLMC was created in 1970 to expand the secondary market for mortgages (home loans) in the US.
124
free enterprise
an economic system where a government places very few restrictions on the types of business activities or ownership in which citizens participate.
125
full faith and credit clause
addresses the duty that states within the United States have to respect the "public acts, records, and judicial proceedings of every other state."
126
GI Bill Of Rights
The G.I. Billwas a law that provided a range of benefits for some of the returning World War II veterans. Provided World War II veterans with funds for college education, unemployment insurance, and housing.
127
gerrymandering
manipulate the boundaries of (an electoral constituency) so as to favor one party or class.
128
grassroots movement
organized effort undertaken by groups of individuals in a given geographic area to bring about changes
129
guarantee clause
equires the United States to guarantee every state a republican form of government and provide protection from foreign invasion and domestic violence.
130
hard news story
journalistic style and genre that focuses on events or incidents that are considered to be timely and consequential to people locally, regionally, nationally, or internationally.
131
home rule
the government of a colony, dependent country, or region by its own citizens.
132
Polis
City
133
Political Culture
a set of shared views and normative judgments held by a population regarding its political system
134
Political Efficacy
the citizens' trust in their ability to change the government and belief that they can understand and influence political affairs.
135
Political Machine
party organization, headed by a single boss or small autocratic group, that commands enough votes to maintain political and administrative control of a city, county, or state
136
Political Socialization
the process by which people learn about their government and acquire the beliefs, attitudes, values, and behaviors associated with good citizenship
137
Pork-barrel Legislation
Pork barrel legislation are. laws that are passed by Congress to appropriate money for LOCAL federal projects. secure funding for local infrastructure or projects that benefit their constituents, commonly in exchange for political support.
138
Power of the Purse
the ability to tax and spend public money for the Federal Government
139
Precinct Preemption
a higher authority of law will displace the law of a lower authority of law when the two authorities come into conflict.
140
Prior Restraint
judicial censorship imposed on expression, that prohibits particular instances of expression, on the grounds that it is harmful
141
Recall
A process by which voters can remove an elected official from office through a direct vote before their term has ended. State level, although not all states allow this. One or more challengers run against the disfavored politician.
142
Referendum
A law proposed by the state’s legislature that needs the voters to approve it. Often, amendments to a state’s constitution require this.
143
Slave Trade Compromise
Congress would be unable to ban the slave trade prior to the year 1808, although it could tax enslaved Africans as property.
144
Spoils System
the practice of a successful political party giving government jobs to its supporters.
145
Status Offense
a noncriminal act that is considered a law violation only because of a youth's status as a minor
146
Statute
a written law passed by a legislative body.
147
Subpoena
a writ ordering a person to attend a court
148
Subsidy
Money given to groups or individuals by the government (so that the price of the service can remain low)
149
Sunset Law
a law that automatically terminates an agency, a law, or a government program
150
Sunshine Law
Sunshine laws are regulations requiring public disclosure of government agency meetings and records.
151
Supremacy Clause
It establishes that the federal constitution, and federal law generally, take precedence over state laws, and even state constitutions.
152
Tonkin Gulf Resolution
authorizing President Johnson to take any measures he believed were necessary to retaliate and to promote the maintenance of international peace and security in southeast Asia.
153
Virginia Dynasty
Four of the first five presidents of the United States were from Virginia. Washington, Jefferson, Madison, and Monroe.
154
Waffling
to describe, for instance, a candidate or politician who is considered to easily switch sides on issues to curry political favor (as an easily flipped breakfast food with the same name)
155
Writ of Habeas Corpus
a fundamental right in the Constitution that protects against unlawful and indefinite imprisonment.
156
rider sanction
a statement that is added to what has already been said or decided, or an addition to a government bill (= a written plan for a law):
I should like to add a rider to the judgment of the court.
157
impoundment
placing private property in the custody of an officer of the law
158
internationalism
refers to the idea that cooperation between different countries is beneficial for everyone.
159
interstate compact
a pact or agreement between two or more states, or between states and any foreign government.
160
isolationist
Isolationism is a pejorative term used to refer to a political philosophy advocating a national foreign policy that opposes involvement in the political affairs, and especially the wars, of other countries.
161
judicial activism
a judge who follows judicial activism believes that their own beliefs and opinions should factor into deciding the outcome of cases
162
judicial restraint
believes that their own beliefs and opinions play no role in reaching decisions.
163
jury selection
ury selection is the selection of the people who will serve on a jury during a jury trial. The group of potential jurors is first selected from among the community using a reasonably random method. Jury lists are compiled from voter registrations and driver license or ID renewals.
164
labor union law
a group of employees in a certain trade, industry, or corporation that organize to improve their salary, benefits, and working conditions.
165
legal tender
coins or banknotes that must be accepted if offered in payment of a debt.
166
legislative oversight
The legislature's review and evaluation of selected activities conducted by the executive branch is referred to as “legislative oversight.”
167
libel
published false statement that is damaging to a person's reputation; a written defamation.
168
line item veto
the power of a president, governor, or other elected executive to reject individual provisions of a bill.
169
logrolling
the practice of exchanging favors, especially in politics by reciprocal voting for each other's proposed legislation.
170
Marshall Plan
he Marshall Plan was an American initiative enacted in 1948 to provide foreign aid to Western Europe. The United States transferred $13.3 billion in economic recovery programs to Western European economies after the end of World War II.
171
mercantilism
a system in which a country attempts to amass wealth through trade with other countries
172
Monroe Doctrine
an attempt by president James Monroe in 1823 to prevent other European powers (outside of those already present) from establishing colonies or any new presence in the Western Hemisphere
173
muckracker
The muckrakers were reform-minded journalists, writers, and photographers in the Progressive Era in the United States who claimed to expose corruption and wrongdoing in established institutions, often through sensationalist publications.
174
multilateral agreement
refers to agreements, treaties, or actions that involve or include multiple parties or nations.Multilateral agreements are characterized by the participation and commitment of multiple countries or parties to achieve a common objective or address a shared issue.
175
net neutrality
the principle that internet service providers should enable access to all content and applications regardless of the source, and without favoring or blocking particular products or websites.
176
New Deal
During the 1932 Presidential election campaign Democrat Franklin D Roosevelt promised "A new deal for the American people."The New Deal was a series of programs and policies of Relief, Recovery and Reform to combat the effects of the Great Depression.
177
New Jersey Plan
a plan, unsuccessfully proposed at the Constitutional Convention, providing for a single legislative house with equal representation for each state.
178
plea bargain
an arrangement between prosecutor and defendant whereby the defendant pleads guilty to a lesser charge in exchange for a more lenient sentence or an agreement to drop other charges.
179
pocket veto
an indirect veto of a legislative bill by the president or a governor by retaining the bill unsigned until it is too late for it to be dealt with during the legislative session.
180
The Senate of the United States shall be
composed of two Senators from each
State, elected by the people thereof, for
six years;..." How did this amendment
change the Constitution?
Senators are no longer elected
by state legislatures.
181
According to Aristotle, what is the best form of government for political stability?
moderate democracy
182
The Twelfth Amendment became
necessary...
after the emergence of political parties
183
Incumbent
the candidate who
holds an office at the time of election
184
Which states has the
potential to split Electoral College votes
in a presidential election?
Maine and Nebraska
185
Which official is most concerned
with U.S. diplomacy
secretary of state
186
An expensive, new state government
building is most likely to be paid for by...
a bond
187
"The Senate of the United States shall be composed of two Senators from each
State, elected by the people thereof, for
six years;..." How did this amendment
change the Constitution?
Senators are no longer elected by state legislatures.
188
Where is the Statue of Liberty located?
New York Harbor. Liberty Island.
