Citric Acid Cycle Flashcards
What is the citric acid cycle/tricarboxylic acid cycle/krebs cycle?
The common pathway by which all fuel molecules are broken down into carbon dioxide and water
How is acetyl Coenzyme A formed?
Coenzyme A formed from pantotheinic acid forms a high energy bond with pyruvate. During this reaction TWO molecules of NADH are given off and TWO molecules of CO2 are also produced.
Describe how the citric acid cycle works
1) Condensation of the Acetyl group (2 carbons) from acetyl Coenzyme A with oxaloacetate (4 carbons) to from citrate (6 carbons)
2) Citrate is then decarboxylated (removal of CO2) twice to form a 5-Carbon then a 4-Carbon molecule. It is then further oxidised untill it forms the origional 4-Carbon molecule oxaloacetate
During the citric acid cycle what compounds are formed
- Two molecules of Carbon Dioxide
- One molecule of GTP (which can instantly be converted into a molecule of ATP)
- Three molecules of NADH
- One molecule of FADH2
What is the full name for FAD, what is it’s role and what vitamin is it derived from?
- Flavin Adenine Dinucleotide
- Role is to shuttle electrons to the electron transport chain
- Produced from riboflavin (Vit B2)
Where does the breakdown of pyruvate and the citric acid cycle occur?
In the matrix of the mitochondria
What does the electron transport chain consist of?
Three large protein complexes which are linked together by molecules that shuttle electron to the next complex
What feeds electrons into the electron transport chain? and at what point do they feed these electrons
NADH and FADH2. NADH feeds electrons into the start of the chain (complex one). FADH2 feeds electrons to the electron shuttle after complex one
The respirator chain is a target for what chemical agents?
Rotenon, Antimycin A and cyanide and carbon monoxide which will block the final step (where hydrogen combines with oxygen to form water
What occurs in the electron transport chain?
Electrons are passed down the chain from higher energy states to slower energy states and therefore provide energy to move hydrogen ions across the membrane into the intermembrane space. This generates a proton gradient.
What is used to generate ATP?
The return flow of hydrogen ions through ATP synthase in the inter mitochondrial membrane
The oxidation of NADH and FADH2 generates hoe many molecules of ATP?
NADH - 3 molecules
FADH2 - 2 molecules
How any molecules of ATP and NADH are produced by glycolysis?
2 of ATP (net energy) and 2 of NADH
How any molecules of ATP, NADH and FADH2 are produced by the citric acid cycle?
2 of ATP
6 of NADH
2 of FADH
What is the maximum yield of ATP after mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation
4 ATP from other parts of cycle.
2 cytoplasmic NADH x 1.5-2.5ATP/NADH - 3-5 ATP
8 mitochondrial NADH x 2.5ATP/NADH- 20 ATP
2 FADH2 x 1.5ATP/FADH2 - 3 ATP
SO TOTAL IS 30-32 ATP