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Human Anatomy > Citology > Flashcards

Citology Flashcards

1
Q

is the study of cells as fundamental units of living things. The earliest phase of cytology began with the English scientist Robert Hooke’s microscopic investigations of cork in 1665.

A

Cytology

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2
Q

are the fundamental units of life.

A

Cells

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3
Q

TRUE OR FALSE
Whether they be unicellular or multicellular life forms, all living organisms are composed of and depend on cells to function normally.

A

KORIQUE

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4
Q

Scientists estimate that our bodies contain anywhere from BLANK In addition, there are hundreds of different types of cells in the body.

A

75 to 100 trillion cells.

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5
Q

TRUE OR FALSE
Cells do everything from providing structure and stability to providing energy and a means of reproduction for an organism

A

LEG8 220 WALANG HALONG BIRO

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6
Q

is the technical field of using microscopes to view samples & objects that cannot be seen with the unaided eye (objects that are not within the resolution range of the normal eye).

A

Microscopy

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7
Q

examine a thin slice of cork from tree bark- observed a tiny compartment.

A

Robert Hooke

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8
Q

discovered internal substance- sarcode.

A

Felix Dujardin-

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9
Q

discovered the nucleus.

A

Robert Brown-

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10
Q

all plants are made of cells.

A

Matthias Schleiden-

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11
Q

all animals are composed of cells.

A

Theodor Schwann-

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12
Q

living cells come from pre-existing living cells

A

Rudolf Virchow-

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13
Q

Cell Differentiation
SHOT PUNO OR GIVE AT LEAST THREE

A

Sperm cell
Egg cell
Fertilized egg cell (zygote)
Connective tissue cell
Bone cell
Skin cell
Muscle cell
Nerve cell
Gland cell
Red blood cell
White blood cell

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14
Q

TRUE OR FALSE
Each produces sex cells, each with two copy of their DNA

A

IZZA PRANK PO
Each produces sex cells, each with ONE copy of their DNA

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15
Q

TRUE OR FALSE
The offspring is a mix of its parents, having received half of its genes from each one

A

YES BHIE TRUE NGA

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16
Q

regulates the movement of substances in and out of the cell, participates in signal transduction, and helps cells adhere to other cells. It is selectively permeable.

A

cell membrane

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17
Q

are motile extensions from the cell

A

Cilia and flagella

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18
Q

are abundant on the free surfaces of certain epithelial cells (respiratory linings, for example),

A

shorter cilia

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19
Q

can be found on sperm cells.

A

lengthy flagellum

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20
Q

consists of a clear liquid (cytosol), a supportive cytoskeleton, and networks of membranes and organelles.

A

cytoplasm

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21
Q

is made up of membranes, flattened sacs, and vesicles, and provides a tubular transport system inside the cell.

A

endoplasmic reticulum

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22
Q

are the powerhouses of the cell and contain enzymes needed for aerobic respiration

A

Mitochondria-

23
Q

protein synthesis.

A

Ribosome-

24
Q

are composed of flattened sacs, and refines, that package, modify and deliver proteins.

A

Golgi bodies

25
Q

“garbage disposals” of the cell and contain digestive enzymes to break up old cell components and bacteria.

A

Lysosomes-

26
Q

contain enzymes that function in the synthesis of bile acids, breakdown of lipids, degradation of rare biochemicals, and detoxification of alcohol.

A

Peroxisomes

27
Q

is microtubules that are intermediate filament, micro trabecular lattices, and microfilament.

A

cytoskeleton

28
Q

are the membrane-bound structure that is basically just enclosed compartment that is filled with both inorganic and organic molecules, along with water to support the organelle

A

Vacuoles

29
Q

are structures made up of two hollow cylinders that function in the separation of chromosomes during cell division.

A

Centrioles

30
Q

generally involved in either the manufacture or storage of food. They include chloroplasts, chromoplasts and leucoplasts.

A

plastids

31
Q

is a complex sequence of events by which eukaryotic cells grow and divide.

A

cell cycle

32
Q

are organisms that have cells containing membrane-bound compartments called organelles.

A

Eukaryotes

33
Q

TYPES OF CELLS

A

STABLE
LABILE
PERMANENT

34
Q

Cells that are incapable of regeneration and considered to be terminally differentiated and non-proliferative in postnatal life.

A

Permanent-

35
Q

cells that multiply only when needed

A

Stable-

36
Q

cells that multiply constantly throughout life.

A

Labile-

37
Q

Two Main Divisions of Cell Cycle

A

MITOSIS
INTERPHASE

38
Q

cellular organelles double in number, the DNA replicates, and protein synthesis occurs.

A

Interphase

39
Q

is a type of cell division which one divides to produce two new cells that are genetically identical to itself.

A

Mitosis

40
Q

Cell Cycle

A

PROPHASE
ANAPHASE
METAPHASE
TELOPHASE
CYTOKINESIS

41
Q

In this stage, changes occur in both the cytoplasm and nucleus of the dividing cell. The chromatin condenses into discrete chromosomes.

A

Prophase:

42
Q

In this stage, paired chromosomes (sister chromatids) separate and begin moving to opposite ends (poles) of the cell. Spindle fibers not connected to chromatids lengthen and elongate the cell.

A

Anaphase:

43
Q

In this stage, the nuclear membrane disappears completely. The spindle fully develops and the chromosomes align (a plane that is equally distant from the two poles).

A

Metaphase:

44
Q

In this stage, the chromosomes are cordoned off into distinct new nuclei and the genetic content of the cell is divided equally into two parts.

A

Telophase:

45
Q

begins prior to the end of mitosis and completes shortly after telophase

A

Cytokinesis

46
Q

TRUE OR FALSE
Mitosis duplicates somatic cells needed for growth and development.

A

replicates

47
Q

TRUE OR FALSE
Mitosis repairs damaged tissues and healing wounds.

A

HALA TRUE ‘YAN SIS

48
Q

TRUE OR FALSE
Mitosis regenerate dead cells.

A

haha tanga replace kaya

49
Q

TRUE OR FALSE
Mitosis keeps chromosome number constant.

A

HEHEHE KORIQUE MWAPSZXC

50
Q

TRUE OR FALSE
Mitosis helps in pansexual reproduction by fragmentation and budding.

A

asexual ‘yun bhie kinakana mo?

51
Q

There are two major types of cells:

A

eukaryotic and prokaryotic.

52
Q

cells that do not have a nucleus that is membrane-bound.

A

prokaryotic

53
Q

contains the cell’s DNA (deoxyribonucleic acid) which contains the cell’s encoded genetic information.

A

A cell’s nucleoid region or nucleus

Human Anatomy (2 decks)

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