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Human Anatomy > BioChemistry > Flashcards

BioChemistry Flashcards

1
Q

application of Chemistry to the study of biological processes at the cellular and molecular levels.

A

BIOCHEMISTRY

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2
Q

combined chemistry, biology, and physiology to investigate the foundation of living things.

A

BIOCHEMISTRY

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3
Q

molecule that is produced by living organisms

A

Biomolecules

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4
Q

Biomolecules are composed of:

A

● Carbohydrates
● Proteins
● Lipids
● Nucleic Acids

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5
Q

Building block- monosaccharides

A

Carbohydrates

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6
Q

are the only fuel source metabolized fast enough to support the hard exercise.

A

Carbohydrates

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7
Q

most important energy source for the body.

A

Carbohydrates

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8
Q

TRUE OR FALSE: The most common and abundant forms are sugars, fibers, and starches.

A

TRUE

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9
Q

is the process by which plants use energy from sunlight to synthesize carbohydrates.

A

Photosynthesis

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10
Q

is the simplest carbohydrate and cannot be hydrolyzed to produce a smaller carbohydrate molecule.

A

monosaccharide

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11
Q

contain two monosaccharide units,

A

Disaccharides

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12
Q

contain many monosaccharide units.

A

polysaccharides

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13
Q

TYPES OF MONOSACCHARIDES

A

Glucose, galactose, fructose (GluGalaFru)

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14
Q

TYPES OF DISACCHARIDES

A

●sucrose (glucose-fructose)
●lactose (galactose-glucose)
●maltose (glucose-glucose)

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15
Q

TYPES OF POLYSACCHARIDES

A

●Cellulose, starch, glycogen, chitin (CellStarGlyChit)

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16
Q

another class of indispensable biomolecules, which make up around 50 percent of the cellular dry weight.

A

Proteins

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17
Q

are polymers of amino acids arranged in the form of polypeptide chains.

A

Proteins

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18
Q

are large, complex molecules that play many critical roles in the body.

A

PROTEINS

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19
Q

They do most of the work in cells and are required for the structure, function, and regulation of the body’s tissues and organs.

A

PROTEINS

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20
Q

has many roles in your body. It helps repair and build your body’s tissues, allows metabolic reactions to take place and coordinates bodily functions. In addition to providing your body with a structural framework, proteins also maintain proper pH and fluid balance.

A

PROTEINS

21
Q

are biomolecules made up of amino acids joined by peptide bonds

A

PROTEINS

22
Q

the first protein to have its 3D structure known by x-ray crystallography.

A

Myoglobin

23
Q

Classification Based on Structure

A

●Fibrous protein, Globular protein, Intermediate protein

24
Q

Classification Based on Composition

A

●Simple protein, Conjugated protein

25
Q

Classification Based on Function

A

●Structural proteins, enzymes, hormones
●Pigments, transport proteins, contractile proteins
●Storage proteins, toxins

26
Q

organic compounds insoluble with water.

A

LIPIDS

27
Q

They include fats, waxes, oils, hormones and function as energy storage and chemical messenger.

A

LIPIDS

28
Q

soluble with chloroform, acetone and benzene.

A

LIPIDS

29
Q

are molecules that contain hydrocarbons and make up the building blocks of the structure and function of living cells.

A

LIPIDS

30
Q

Examples of lipids

A

fats, oils, waxes, certain vitamins (such as A, D, E, and K), hormones, and most of the cell membrane that is not made up of protein.

31
Q

The cell membrane’s phospholipids have

A

polar and nonpolar parts.

32
Q

Glycerol+3 fatty acids=

A

triglyceride (triester of glycerol)

33
Q

are the most common types of lipid groups.

A

Waxes, steroids, phospholipids, and fats

34
Q

TRUE OR FALSE
Fats have glycerol in addition to three fatty acids. The structure of the fatty acids determines whether or not the fat is considered saturated or unsaturated.

A

TRUE

35
Q

have four major components: fatty acids, a glycerol component, and both a phosphate group and a polar molecule.

A

Phospholipids

36
Q

Human sex hormones, like BLANK, are classed as steroids. Steroids most often have a four-fused ring structure.

A

testosterone and estrogen

37
Q

are composed of alcohol and fatty acid. Plants often have wax coatings that help them to conserve water.

A

Waxes

38
Q

Building block- nucleotides

A

Nucleic acids

39
Q

are naturally occurring chemical compounds that serve as the primary information-carrying molecules in cells. They play an especially important role in directing protein synthesis.

A

Nucleic acids

40
Q

The two main classes of nucleic acids are

A

deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) and ribonucleic acid (RNA).

41
Q

TRUE OR FALSE Nucleic acids are biopolymers, macromolecules, essential to all known forms of life.

A

TRUE

42
Q

They are composed of nucleotides, which are the monomers made of three components:

A

a 5-carbon sugar, a phosphate group, and a nitrogenous base.

43
Q

Nucleobases of DNA

A

Thymine, cytosine, adenine, guanine

44
Q

Nucleobases of RNA

A

Uracil, cytosine, adenine, guanine

45
Q

is the nucleic acid that stores genetic information.

A

DNA

46
Q

is the nucleic acid responsible for using the genetic information in DNA to produce proteins.

A

RNA

47
Q

are joined together to form nucleic acids through the phosphate group of one nucleotide connecting in an ester linkage to the OH group on the third carbon atom of the sugar unit of a second nucleotide.

A

Nucleotides

48
Q

TRUE OR FALSE Two DNA strands link together in an antiparallel direction and are twisted to form a double helix. The nitrogenous bases face the inside of the helix. Guanine is always opposite cytosine, and adenine is always opposite thymine.

A

CHRUEEE

Human Anatomy (2 decks)

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