Citizenship Flashcards by Celine Ysabelle

A membership of a person in a political community enjoying political or civil rights

Citizenship

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What do you call a person who enjoys their political or civil rights?

A citizen of the state

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What is an alien?

A person who is a citizen of another country; foreigner

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True or False: The alien enjoys political rights but not civil rights in the country where they currently are.

False, enjoys civil but not political rights

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True or False: An alien can vote or run for office.

False

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True or False: The membership of the individual implies a duty of allegiance on their part to the state.

True

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True or False: The state has the duty to protect its citizens only inside its territory.

False, both inside and outside the territory

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True or False: The state gives protection to resident-aliens or aliens passing through its territory.

True

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How is citizenship acquired?

Citizenship by birth (involuntary)
Citizenship by naturalization (voluntary)

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Acquisition of citizenship when a child is born

Involuntary Citizenship

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What do you call citizens who acquire citizenship by birth?

Natural-born citizens

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Natural acquisition of citizenship based on parentage or blood relations and land or place of birth

Involuntary Citizenship

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Two kinds of involuntary citizenship

Jus sanguinis
Jus soli

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Jus sanguinis in English

“law of blood”

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Jus soli in English

“law of the soul”

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The principle wherein you acquire citizenship based on blood relations

Jus sanguinis

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The principle wherein you acquire citizenship by place of birth

Jus soli

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A child has citizenship that is the same with both or one of the parents REGARDLESS of birthplace

Jus sanguinis

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A child’s citizenship determined by the country in which he was born REGARDLESS of parents’ citizenship

Jus soli

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The act of formally adopting a foreigner into the political body of the state

Citizenship by Naturalization

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The act of formally granting him the rights and privileges of a certain citizenship

Citizenship by Naturalization

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Implies the renunciation of one’s former nationality

Citizenship by Naturalization

3 kinds of citizenship by naturalization

By judgment of the court
By direct act of the Congress
By administrative proceedings

A foreigner must apply for naturalization with the proper Regional Trial Court

Citizenship by naturalization, i.e., judgment of the court

What is the current Naturalization Law?

The Revised Naturalization Act

What court must the foreigner approach for citizenship by naturalization via judgment?

Regional Trial Court

Citizenship by naturalization through simple enactment of an act directly conferring citizenship on a foreigner

By direct act of the Congress

Law for administrative proceedings in Citizenship by Naturalization

Administrative Naturalization Law of 2000

Aliens born and residing in the Philippines may be granted Philippine citizenship by being before a Special Committee on Naturalization

Citizenship by naturalization, i.e., administrative proceedings

Qualifications for Citizenship

1. Must not be less than 21 years of age on day of petition hearing 2. Must have resided in the Philippines for a continuous period of not less than 10 years 3. Must be of good moral character 4. Must own real estate in the Philippines worth not less than 5,000 pesos or must have some known lucrative trade 5. Must be able to speak and write English or Spanish or any principal Philippine language 6. If has children, must be enrolled in any school recognized by the Office of Private Education in the Philippines that teaches Philippine history, government, and civics

Who are considered Filipino citizens?

1. Citizens at the time of adoption of the 1987 const. 2. Those whose fathers or mothers are Philippine citizens 3. Those born before January 17, 1973 of Filipino mothers who elect Philippine citizenship upon reaching the age of majority 4. Those naturalized in accordance with the law

What do you call citizens who acquire citizenship through naturalization?

Naturalized citizens

True or False: A Filipino citizen who lost his citizenship at the time of ratification of the Constitution is not a citizen anymore.

True

Citizens at the time of the adoption of the 1987 constitution must have had the status of being a citizen under what previous constitutions?

1973 and 1935 constitutions

True or False: Even if the child is illegitimate or born out of wedlock, they are still considered a Philippine citizen.

True

How can citizenship be lost voluntarily?

1. By naturalization in a foreign country 2. By express renunciation of citizenship 3. By subscribing to an oath of allegiance to support the constitution and laws of a foreign country 4. By rendering service to or accepting commission in the armed forces of a foreign country

The act of voluntarily giving up or losing citizenship

Expatriation

True or False: You can expatriate yourself in time of war.

False

What is the age of majority?

True or False: Citizens under the 1935 Constitution are natural-born citizens and have the right to elect citizenship after January 17, 1973.

True

How can citizenship be lost involuntarily?

1. By cancellation of one’s certification of naturalization by the court 2. By having been declared a deserter in the Philippine armed forces in time of war by competent authority

How can citizenship be reacquired?

1. By naturalization 2. By direct act of the Philippine Congress 3. By repatriating one’s self through taking the oath of allegiance to the state and registering the same in the proper civil registry

The state of having 2 citizenships at the same time as a result of the interaction of the laws between two countries

Dual Citizenship

True or False: A person can be a dual citizen by choice only.

False, can be by choice or by birth.

Someone can be considered a Philippine dual citizen by choice through what process?

Citizenship Retention and Re-acquisition Act of 2003

True or False: The Philippine constitution prohibits dual citizenship.

False, dual allegiance of the citizens

The situation in which a person simultaneously owes loyalty to two or more states

Dual Allegiance

True or False: Dual allegiance is purely voluntary.

True

True or False: Dual allegiance is the result of one’s free will or own volition.

True

The exemption of some individuals from local jurisdiction of the state where they reside

Exterritoriality

Who has exterritoriality?

Foreign diplomats and their respective families

Another term for exterritoriality

Diplomatic immunity

An example of exterritoriality

Children born in the United States whose parents are only temporarily residing there

The Obligations of Filipino Citizens

1. Loyalty to the country 2. Defense of the state 3. Participation in the dev’t and welfare of the state 4. Upholding the constitution and obedience to the law 5. Cooperation with duly constituted authorities 6. Exercising rights responsibly and with due regard for the rights of others 7. Engagement in gainful work 8. Exercise of suffrage