citations to cite Flashcards
Who first looked at Austrolopithecines africanus despite of everyone else looking at Asian?
Raymond Dart
Which article looked at this? Give a name and a date and 4 point about what it was about
- Polar Dinosaurs
Rich et al. 2002
- Inclination of earth’s axis could WELL have lead to extremely long nights / days as seen in the poles today
- Absence of lizards & crocodilians from this area implies atleast some dinos up here were warm-blooded
- Bones constantly growing = no hibernating
- May have migrated
- Site in Alaska in permafrost may yet yield more discoveries
Who produced the paper titled ‘Studying function and behaviour in the fossil record’. This name appears TWICE, also in that paper about biological cielings.
It included this:
- Promotes CAUTIOUS comparison with extant species to infer use of biological strucutes in extinct ones.
Discusses importance of exceptional discoveries like teeth, and the importance of comparison with modern phylogenies.
- Build on Cuvier’s work which agreed that form DID reflect function
Benton 2010
What paper was this shown in?
- In additon to Palmer’s previous work (Palmer et al. 1998) showed us that boron isotope concs can ALSO indicate C02 as more acidic water indicated more Carbonic Acid in that water.
Studied the Eocene to show C02 levels similar to today
Pearson & Palmer 1999
Who did the paper titled ‘Reconstructing Past Ocean pH-Depth Profiles’ which used foraminifera to tell us about the atmosphere in the Miocene
Palmer 1998
Who did this paper?
Studied exceptional preservation sites in Northeastern China - the Jehol biota
- Found feathered theropod dinosaurs & early birds, providing more evidence for dinos evolving into birds
- Also indicate early radiations of angiosperms and mammals and their basal forms
:)) Beautiful fossils
Zhou et al. 2003
Who did this paper? ANOTHER repeat name
Used marine molluscs to show each time frame has not been sampled equally.
Shows sampling effort to correlate with more exposed rock.
Rock outcrop area was found to be most reliable predictor of sampling bias in fossil record, but is hard to seperate other factors causing a percieved increase in diversity in fossil record, such as more shallow marine seas being present.
Smith 2003
Who did this paper? Used abundance and densities of large predatros today to infer how many T.rex could have ever lived and in what numbers
Marshall et al. 2021
Who did this paper? hint: 2 people
Highlighted how despite past controversy, punctuated equilibrium has became to be more accepted amongst academics and how it can help us understand evolutionary patterns and processes.
Supported especially by peripatric speciation - fast evolution when 1 species arrives in a new environment
The initial controversy was due to Darwinism and his proposition of phyletic gradualism.
Gould and Niles 1993
Who did this paper? Systematics classifies organisms based on their evolutionary relationships.
Discusses need to reconstruct evolutionary patterns free from bias. Fossils must be used, and can help infer timing and patterns of mass extinctions and such, but alongside other forms of evidence as well. Fossil record has LIMITATIONS and BIASES
Smith 1994
Who did THIS paper? The year was NOT 2002
Used a BIG global database of MESOZOIC dinosaurs to show species-richness patterns over time. Shows NO end-cretaceous decline. Species richness peaked in MIDDLE of mesozoic era. Shows dinosaur richness patterns to be very tied up with environmental conditions, biotic interactions and evolutionary processes
Fastovsky et al. 2004
Who showed NO end-cretaceous demise?
Fastovsky et al.2004, Wang & Dobson 2006, Lloyd et al. 2008
Who DID find an end-cretaceous demise but also noted a bias of the amount of rock exposed to study
Barrett et al. 2010
Who did this paper? Models for the diversification of life. TREE 12, 490-495.
Found a logistic curve for marine organisms and an exponential curve for terrestrial ones. This was concluded to be unlikely to be down to a poor fossil record, and terrestrial life on land may simply not have yet reached global carrying capacity / the biological ceiling
Benton 1997
Who did this? Shows the increase of the use of ancient DNA in scientific papers in recent years. Says that although DNA contamination is a big problem, these techniques can be applief to discover more about ancient diseases / extinct species diets.
Culotta 2015
